java.net

## Class ServerSocket

- java.lang.Object
- - java.net.ServerSocket

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Closeable, AutoCloseable
  Direct Known Subclasses:
    SSLServerSocket

      public class ServerSocket
      extends Object
      implements Closeable

  This class implements server sockets. A server socket waits for requests to come in over the network. It performs some operation based on that request, and then possibly returns a result to the requester.

  The actual work of the server socket is performed by an instance of the `SocketImpl` class. An application can change the socket factory that creates the socket implementation to configure itself to create sockets appropriate to the local firewall.

  Since:
    JDK1.0
  See Also:
    `SocketImpl`, `setSocketFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory)`, `ServerSocketChannel`

- - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `ServerSocket()` Creates an unbound server socket.
    `ServerSocket(int port)` Creates a server socket, bound to the specified port.
    `ServerSocket(int port, int backlog)` Creates a server socket and binds it to the specified local port number, with the specified backlog.
    `ServerSocket(int port, int backlog, InetAddress bindAddr)` Create a server with the specified port, listen backlog, and local IP address to bind to.

  - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `Socket` | `accept()` Listens for a connection to be made to this socket and accepts it.
    `void` | `bind(SocketAddress endpoint)` Binds the `ServerSocket` to a specific address (IP address and port number).
    `void` | `bind(SocketAddress endpoint, int backlog)` Binds the `ServerSocket` to a specific address (IP address and port number).
    `void` | `close()` Closes this socket.
    `ServerSocketChannel` | `getChannel()` Returns the unique `ServerSocketChannel` object associated with this socket, if any.
    `InetAddress` | `getInetAddress()` Returns the local address of this server socket.
    `int` | `getLocalPort()` Returns the port number on which this socket is listening.
    `SocketAddress` | `getLocalSocketAddress()` Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is bound to, or `null` if it is not bound yet.
    `int` | `getReceiveBufferSize()` Gets the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option for this `ServerSocket`, that is the proposed buffer size that will be used for Sockets accepted from this `ServerSocket`.
    `boolean` | `getReuseAddress()` Tests if `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled.
    `int` | `getSoTimeout()` Retrieve setting for `SO_TIMEOUT`.
    `protected void` | `implAccept(Socket s)` Subclasses of ServerSocket use this method to override accept() to return their own subclass of socket.
    `boolean` | `isBound()` Returns the binding state of the ServerSocket.
    `boolean` | `isClosed()` Returns the closed state of the ServerSocket.
    `void` | `setPerformancePreferences(int connectionTime, int latency, int bandwidth)` Sets performance preferences for this ServerSocket.
    `void` | `setReceiveBufferSize(int size)` Sets a default proposed value for the `SO_RCVBUF` option for sockets accepted from this `ServerSocket`.
    `void` | `setReuseAddress(boolean on)` Enable/disable the `SO_REUSEADDR` socket option.
    `static void` | `setSocketFactory(SocketImplFactory fac)` Sets the server socket implementation factory for the application.
    `void` | `setSoTimeout(int timeout)` Enable/disable `SO_TIMEOUT` with the specified timeout, in milliseconds.
    `String` | `toString()` Returns the implementation address and implementation port of this socket as a `String`.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### ServerSocket

          public ServerSocket()
                       throws IOException

      Creates an unbound server socket.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - IO error when opening the socket.

    - #### ServerSocket

          public ServerSocket(int port)
                       throws IOException

      Creates a server socket, bound to the specified port. A port number of `0` means that the port number is automatically allocated, typically from an ephemeral port range. This port number can then be retrieved by calling `getLocalPort`.

      The maximum queue length for incoming connection indications (a request to connect) is set to `50`. If a connection indication arrives when the queue is full, the connection is refused.

      If the application has specified a server socket factory, that factory's `createSocketImpl` method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a "plain" socket is created.

      If there is a security manager, its `checkListen` method is called with the `port` argument as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed. This could result in a SecurityException.

      Parameters:
        `port` - the port number, or `0` to use a port number that is automatically allocated.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when opening the socket.
        `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkListen` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
      See Also:
        `SocketImpl`, `SocketImplFactory.createSocketImpl()`, `setSocketFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory)`, `SecurityManager.checkListen(int)`

    - #### ServerSocket

          public ServerSocket(int port,
                      int backlog)
                       throws IOException

      Creates a server socket and binds it to the specified local port number, with the specified backlog. A port number of `0` means that the port number is automatically allocated, typically from an ephemeral port range. This port number can then be retrieved by calling `getLocalPort`.

      The maximum queue length for incoming connection indications (a request to connect) is set to the `backlog` parameter. If a connection indication arrives when the queue is full, the connection is refused.

      If the application has specified a server socket factory, that factory's `createSocketImpl` method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a "plain" socket is created.

      If there is a security manager, its `checkListen` method is called with the `port` argument as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed. This could result in a SecurityException. The `backlog` argument is the requested maximum number of pending connections on the socket. Its exact semantics are implementation specific. In particular, an implementation may impose a maximum length or may choose to ignore the parameter altogther. The value provided should be greater than `0`. If it is less than or equal to `0`, then an implementation specific default will be used.

      Parameters:
        `port` - the port number, or `0` to use a port number that is automatically allocated.
        `backlog` - requested maximum length of the queue of incoming connections.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when opening the socket.
        `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkListen` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
      See Also:
        `SocketImpl`, `SocketImplFactory.createSocketImpl()`, `setSocketFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory)`, `SecurityManager.checkListen(int)`

    - #### ServerSocket

          public ServerSocket(int port,
                      int backlog,
                      InetAddress bindAddr)
                       throws IOException

      Create a server with the specified port, listen backlog, and local IP address to bind to. The bindAddr argument can be used on a multi-homed host for a ServerSocket that will only accept connect requests to one of its addresses. If bindAddr is null, it will default accepting connections on any/all local addresses. The port must be between 0 and 65535, inclusive. A port number of `0` means that the port number is automatically allocated, typically from an ephemeral port range. This port number can then be retrieved by calling `getLocalPort`.

      If there is a security manager, this method calls its `checkListen` method with the `port` argument as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed. This could result in a SecurityException. The `backlog` argument is the requested maximum number of pending connections on the socket. Its exact semantics are implementation specific. In particular, an implementation may impose a maximum length or may choose to ignore the parameter altogther. The value provided should be greater than `0`. If it is less than or equal to `0`, then an implementation specific default will be used.

      Parameters:
        `port` - the port number, or `0` to use a port number that is automatically allocated.
        `backlog` - requested maximum length of the queue of incoming connections.
        `bindAddr` - the local InetAddress the server will bind to
      Throws:
        `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkListen` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when opening the socket.
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
      Since:
        JDK1.1
      See Also:
        `SocketOptions`, `SocketImpl`, `SecurityManager.checkListen(int)`

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### bind

          public void bind(SocketAddress endpoint)
                    throws IOException

      Binds the `ServerSocket` to a specific address (IP address and port number).

      If the address is `null`, then the system will pick up an ephemeral port and a valid local address to bind the socket.

      Parameters:
        `endpoint` - The IP address and port number to bind to.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if the bind operation fails, or if the socket is already bound.
        `SecurityException` - if a `SecurityManager` is present and its `checkListen` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if endpoint is a SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### bind

          public void bind(SocketAddress endpoint,
                  int backlog)
                    throws IOException

      Binds the `ServerSocket` to a specific address (IP address and port number).

      If the address is `null`, then the system will pick up an ephemeral port and a valid local address to bind the socket.

      The `backlog` argument is the requested maximum number of pending connections on the socket. Its exact semantics are implementation specific. In particular, an implementation may impose a maximum length or may choose to ignore the parameter altogther. The value provided should be greater than `0`. If it is less than or equal to `0`, then an implementation specific default will be used.

      Parameters:
        `endpoint` - The IP address and port number to bind to.
        `backlog` - requested maximum length of the queue of incoming connections.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if the bind operation fails, or if the socket is already bound.
        `SecurityException` - if a `SecurityManager` is present and its `checkListen` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if endpoint is a SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getInetAddress

          public InetAddress getInetAddress()

      Returns the local address of this server socket.

      If the socket was bound prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the local address after the socket is closed.

      Returns:
        the address to which this socket is bound, or `null` if the socket is unbound.

    - #### getLocalPort

          public int getLocalPort()

      Returns the port number on which this socket is listening.

      If the socket was bound prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the port number after the socket is closed.

      Returns:
        the port number to which this socket is listening or -1 if the socket is not bound yet.

    - #### getLocalSocketAddress

          public SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress()

      Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is bound to, or `null` if it is not bound yet.

      If the socket was bound prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the address of the endpoint after the socket is closed.

      Returns:
        a `SocketAddress` representing the local endpoint of this socket, or `null` if it is not bound yet.
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `getInetAddress()`, `getLocalPort()`, `bind(SocketAddress)`

    - #### accept

          public Socket accept()
                        throws IOException

      Listens for a connection to be made to this socket and accepts it. The method blocks until a connection is made.

      A new Socket `s` is created and, if there is a security manager, the security manager's `checkAccept` method is called with `s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()` and `s.getPort()` as its arguments to ensure the operation is allowed. This could result in a SecurityException.

      Returns:
        the new Socket
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when waiting for a connection.
        `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkAccept` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `SocketTimeoutException` - if a timeout was previously set with setSoTimeout and the timeout has been reached.
        `IllegalBlockingModeException` - if this socket has an associated channel, the channel is in non-blocking mode, and there is no connection ready to be accepted
      See Also:
        `SecurityManager.checkAccept(java.lang.String, int)`

    - #### implAccept

          protected final void implAccept(Socket s)
                                   throws IOException

      Subclasses of ServerSocket use this method to override accept() to return their own subclass of socket. So a FooServerSocket will typically hand this method an empty FooSocket. On return from implAccept the FooSocket will be connected to a client.
      Parameters:
        `s` - the Socket
      Throws:
        `IllegalBlockingModeException` - if this socket has an associated channel, and the channel is in non-blocking mode
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when waiting for a connection.
      Since:
        JDK1.1

    - #### close

          public void close()
                     throws IOException

      Closes this socket. Any thread currently blocked in `accept()` will throw a `SocketException`.

      If this socket has an associated channel then the channel is closed as well.

      Specified by:
        `close` in interface `Closeable`
      Specified by:
        `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when closing the socket.

    - #### getChannel

          public ServerSocketChannel getChannel()

      Returns the unique `ServerSocketChannel` object associated with this socket, if any.

      A server socket will have a channel if, and only if, the channel itself was created via the `ServerSocketChannel.open` method.

      Returns:
        the server-socket channel associated with this socket, or `null` if this socket was not created for a channel
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### isBound

          public boolean isBound()

      Returns the binding state of the ServerSocket.
      Returns:
        true if the ServerSocket successfully bound to an address
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### isClosed

          public boolean isClosed()

      Returns the closed state of the ServerSocket.
      Returns:
        true if the socket has been closed
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### setSoTimeout

          public void setSoTimeout(int timeout)
                            throws SocketException

      Enable/disable `SO_TIMEOUT` with the specified timeout, in milliseconds. With this option set to a non-zero timeout, a call to accept() for this ServerSocket will block for only this amount of time. If the timeout expires, a java.net.SocketTimeoutException is raised, though the ServerSocket is still valid. The option must be enabled prior to entering the blocking operation to have effect. The timeout must be `> 0`. A timeout of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout.
      Parameters:
        `timeout` - the specified timeout, in milliseconds
      Throws:
        `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
      Since:
        JDK1.1
      See Also:
        `getSoTimeout()`

    - #### getSoTimeout

          public int getSoTimeout()
                           throws IOException

      Retrieve setting for `SO_TIMEOUT`. 0 returns implies that the option is disabled (i.e., timeout of infinity).
      Returns:
        the `SO_TIMEOUT` value
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs
      Since:
        JDK1.1
      See Also:
        `setSoTimeout(int)`

    - #### setReuseAddress

          public void setReuseAddress(boolean on)
                               throws SocketException

      Enable/disable the `SO_REUSEADDR` socket option.

      When a TCP connection is closed the connection may remain in a timeout state for a period of time after the connection is closed (typically known as the `TIME_WAIT` state or `2MSL` wait state). For applications using a well known socket address or port it may not be possible to bind a socket to the required `SocketAddress` if there is a connection in the timeout state involving the socket address or port.

      Enabling `SO_REUSEADDR` prior to binding the socket using `bind(SocketAddress)` allows the socket to be bound even though a previous connection is in a timeout state.

      When a `ServerSocket` is created the initial setting of `SO_REUSEADDR` is not defined. Applications can use `getReuseAddress()` to determine the initial setting of `SO_REUSEADDR`.

      The behaviour when `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled or disabled after a socket is bound (See `isBound()`) is not defined.

      Parameters:
        `on` - whether to enable or disable the socket option
      Throws:
        `SocketException` - if an error occurs enabling or disabling the `SO_REUSEADDR` socket option, or the socket is closed.
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `getReuseAddress()`, `bind(SocketAddress)`, `isBound()`, `isClosed()`

    - #### getReuseAddress

          public boolean getReuseAddress()
                                  throws SocketException

      Tests if `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled.
      Returns:
        a `boolean` indicating whether or not `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled.
      Throws:
        `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `setReuseAddress(boolean)`

    - #### toString

          public String toString()

      Returns the implementation address and implementation port of this socket as a `String`.
      Overrides:
        `toString` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a string representation of this socket.

    - #### setSocketFactory

          public static void setSocketFactory(SocketImplFactory fac)
                                       throws IOException

      Sets the server socket implementation factory for the application. The factory can be specified only once.

      When an application creates a new server socket, the socket implementation factory's `createSocketImpl` method is called to create the actual socket implementation.

      Passing `null` to the method is a no-op unless the factory was already set.

      If there is a security manager, this method first calls the security manager's `checkSetFactory` method to ensure the operation is allowed. This could result in a SecurityException.

      Parameters:
        `fac` - the desired factory.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when setting the socket factory.
        `SocketException` - if the factory has already been defined.
        `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkSetFactory` method doesn't allow the operation.
      See Also:
        `SocketImplFactory.createSocketImpl()`, `SecurityManager.checkSetFactory()`

    - #### setReceiveBufferSize

          public void setReceiveBufferSize(int size)
                                    throws SocketException

      Sets a default proposed value for the `SO_RCVBUF` option for sockets accepted from this `ServerSocket`. The value actually set in the accepted socket must be determined by calling `Socket.getReceiveBufferSize()` after the socket is returned by `accept()`.

      The value of `SO_RCVBUF` is used both to set the size of the internal socket receive buffer, and to set the size of the TCP receive window that is advertized to the remote peer.

      It is possible to change the value subsequently, by calling `Socket.setReceiveBufferSize(int)`. However, if the application wishes to allow a receive window larger than 64K bytes, as defined by RFC1323 then the proposed value must be set in the ServerSocket before it is bound to a local address. This implies, that the ServerSocket must be created with the no-argument constructor, then setReceiveBufferSize() must be called and lastly the ServerSocket is bound to an address by calling bind().

      Failure to do this will not cause an error, and the buffer size may be set to the requested value but the TCP receive window in sockets accepted from this ServerSocket will be no larger than 64K bytes.

      Parameters:
        `size` - the size to which to set the receive buffer size. This value must be greater than 0.
      Throws:
        `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is 0 or is negative.
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `getReceiveBufferSize()`

    - #### getReceiveBufferSize

          public int getReceiveBufferSize()
                                   throws SocketException

      Gets the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option for this `ServerSocket`, that is the proposed buffer size that will be used for Sockets accepted from this `ServerSocket`.

      Note, the value actually set in the accepted socket is determined by calling `Socket.getReceiveBufferSize()`.

      Returns:
        the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option for this `Socket`.
      Throws:
        `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `setReceiveBufferSize(int)`

    - #### setPerformancePreferences

          public void setPerformancePreferences(int connectionTime,
                                       int latency,
                                       int bandwidth)

      Sets performance preferences for this ServerSocket.

      Sockets use the TCP/IP protocol by default. Some implementations may offer alternative protocols which have different performance characteristics than TCP/IP. This method allows the application to express its own preferences as to how these tradeoffs should be made when the implementation chooses from the available protocols.

      Performance preferences are described by three integers whose values indicate the relative importance of short connection time, low latency, and high bandwidth. The absolute values of the integers are irrelevant; in order to choose a protocol the values are simply compared, with larger values indicating stronger preferences. If the application prefers short connection time over both low latency and high bandwidth, for example, then it could invoke this method with the values `(1, 0, 0)`. If the application prefers high bandwidth above low latency, and low latency above short connection time, then it could invoke this method with the values `(0, 1, 2)`.

      Invoking this method after this socket has been bound will have no effect. This implies that in order to use this capability requires the socket to be created with the no-argument constructor.

      Parameters:
        `connectionTime` - An `int` expressing the relative importance of a short connection time
        `latency` - An `int` expressing the relative importance of low latency
        `bandwidth` - An `int` expressing the relative importance of high bandwidth
      Since:
        1.5

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