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# Ĝenerala glosaro

Ĉi tiu glosaro enhavas klarigojn de iuj gravaj terminoj kiujn vi rimarkos en LibreOffice.

Uzu la glosaron por elserĉi nefamiliarajn terminojn en ajna aplikaĵo de LibreOffice.

## ASCII

Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is a character set for displaying fonts on personal computers. It consists of 128 characters including letters, numbers, punctuation and symbols. The extended ASCII character set contains 256 characters. Each character has been assigned a unique number, also referred to as ASCII Code.

In HTML pages, only characters from the 7 Bit ASCII character set should appear. Other characters, such as German umlauts, are distinguished by way of a separate code. You can input extended ASCII code characters: the LibreOffice export filter performs the necessary conversion.

## Bézier Object

Developed by the French mathematician Pierre Bézier, a Bézier curve is a mathematically defined curve used in two-dimensional graphic applications. The curve is defined by four points: the initial position and the terminating position, and two separate middle points. Bézier objects can be modified by moving these points with the mouse.

## Complex Text Layout (CTL)

Languages with complex text layout may have some or all of the following features:

- The language is written with characters or glyphs that are composed of several parts

- The text direction is from right to left.

Currently, LibreOffice supports Hindi, Thai, Hebrew, and Arabic as CTL languages.

Enŝalti CTL-subtenon per LibreOffice - Preferoj Iloj - Agordaĵoj
- Lingvaj agordoj - Lingvoj.

## DDE

DDE stands for "Dynamic Data Exchange," which is a predecessor of OLE, "Object Linking and Embedding". With DDE, objects are linked through file reference, but not embedded.

You can create a DDE link using the following procedure: Select cells from a Calc spreadsheet, copy them into the clipboard and switch to another spreadsheet and select the Edit - Paste Special dialog. Select the Link option to insert the contents as a DDE link. When activating a link, the inserted cell area will be read from its original file.

## Direct and Style Formatting

If you format a document without Styles, it is referred to as "direct" formatting. This means modifying text or other objects, such as frames or tables, by applying various attributes directly. The format applies only to the selected area and all changes must be made separately. Styles, on the other hand, are not applied to the text directly, but rather are defined in the Styles window and then applied. One advantage is that when you change a Style, all parts of the document to which that Style is assigned are modified at the same time.

Vi povas forigi rektan formaton el via dokumento elektante la tutan tekston per la fulmoklavoj Komando Stir
+A kaj elektante je Formato - Vakigi rektan formaton.

## Docking

Some windows in LibreOffice, for example the Styles window and the Navigator, are "dockable" windows. You can move these windows, re-size them or dock them to an edge. On each edge you can dock several windows on top of, or alongside each other; then, by moving the border lines, you can change the relative proportions of the windows.

To undock and re-dock, holding down the Command Ctrl
key, double-click a vacant area in the window. In the Styles window, you can also double-click a gray part of the window next to the icons, while you hold down the Command Ctrl
key.

## Docking (AutoHide)

On any window edge where another window is docked you will see a button which allows you to show or hide the window.

- If you click the button on the window edge to show the window, the window will remain visible until you manually hide it again (with the same button).

- If you show the window by clicking the window border, but not the button, you activate the AutoHide function. The AutoHide function allows you to temporarily show a hidden window by clicking on its edge. When you click in the document, the docked window hides again.

## Formatado

Formatting refers to the visual layout of text using a word-processing or DTP program. This includes defining the paper format, page borders, fonts and font effects, as well as indents and spacing. You can format text directly or with Styles provided by LibreOffice.

## IME

IME stands for Input Method Editor. A program that allows the user to enter complex characters from non-western character sets using a standard keyboard.

## JDBC

You can use the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API to connect to a database from LibreOffice. JDBC drivers are written in the Java programming language and are platform independent.

## Kunteksta menuo

Por aktivigi la kuntekstan menuon de objekto, unue alklaku la objekton per la maldekstra
musbutono por elekti ĝin, kaj tenante la Stir-klavon aŭ la Komando- kaj Alt-butonojn, ree alklaku la musbutonon alkalku la dekstran musbutonon
. Eblas voki iujn kuntekstajn menuojn eĉ se la objekto ne estas elektita. Kuntekstaj menuoj troviĝas preskaŭ ĉie en LibreOffice.

## Kunŝovo

Kerning means increasing or decreasing the amount of space between pairs of letters to improve the overall appearance of the text.

The kerning tables contain information on which pairs of letters require more spacing. These tables are generally a component of a font.

## Ligo

The Links command is found in the Edit menu. The command can only be activated when at least one link is contained in the current document. When you insert a picture, for example, you can either insert the picture directly into the document or insert the picture as a link.

When an object is inserted directly into a document, the document size increases by (at least) the size in bytes of the object. You can save the document and open it on another computer, and the inserted object will still be in the same position in the document.

If you insert the object as a link, only a reference to the file name is inserted. The file size of the document increases only by the path and file reference. If you open your document on another computer, however, the linked file must be in exactly the same position as given by the reference in order to view the object in the document.

Use Edit - Links to see which files are inserted as links. The links can be removed if required. This will break the link and insert the object directly.

## Number System

A number system is determined by the number of characters available for representing numbers. The decimal system, for instance is based on the ten numbers (0..9), the binary system is based on the two numbers 0 and 1, the hexadecimal system is based on 16 characters (0...9 and A...F).

## Numeradilo

1. En formularaj regiloj, numeradilo estas atributo de numera kampo, valuta kampo, data kampo, aŭ hora kampo. Se la atributo "Numeradilo" estas aktiva, la kampo vidigas paron da simboloj kun sagoj en kontraŭaj direktoj, aŭ vertikale aŭ horizontale.

2. En la Baza Programada Medio, numeradilo estas la nomo uzata por la numera kampo kun la du sagaj simboloj.

Vi povas tajpi numeran valoron en la kampon apud la numeradilo, aŭ elekti la valoron per la suprensago aŭ malsuprensago ĉe la numeradilo. Ĉe la klavaro vi povas premi la suprensagan klavon kaj malsuprensagan klavon por pliigi aŭ malpliigi la valoron. Vi povas premi la paĝe supren kaj paĝe malsupren klavojn por agordi la maksimuman kaj minimuman valorojn.

Se la kampo apud la numeradilo difinas numeran valoron, vi povas ankaŭ difini mezurunuon, ekzemple, 1 cm aŭ 5 mm.

## ODBC

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a protocol norm with which applications can access database systems. The query language used is Structured Query Language (SQL). In LibreOffice, you can determine for each database whether to use SQL commands to run queries. Alternatively, you can use the interactive help to define your query by mouseclick and have it automatically translated into SQL by LibreOffice.

The 32bit ODBC functions required here can be installed on your system at any time with the help of the setup program supplied with your database. You can then amend the properties through the Control Panel.

## OLE

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) objects can be linked to a target document or may also be embedded. Embedding inserts a copy of the object and details of the source program in the target document. If you want to edit the object, simply activate the source program by double-clicking on the object.

## Objekto

An object is a screen element containing data. It can refer to application data, such as text or graphics.

Objects are independent and do not influence each other. Any object containing data can be assigned certain commands. For example, a graphic object has commands for image editing and a spreadsheet contains calculation commands.

## OpenGL

OpenGL represents a 3D graphics language, initially developed by SGI (Silicon Graphics Inc). Two dialects of this language are commonly used: Microsoft OpenGL, developed for use under Windows NT, and Cosmo OpenGL made by SGI. The latter represents an independent graphics language for all platforms and all kind of computers, even usable on machines without special 3-D graphics hardware.

## PNG

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a graphic file format. The files are compressed with a selectable compression factor, and, as opposed to the JPG format, PNG files are always compressed without any information loss.

## RTF

Rich Text Format (RTF) is a file format developed for the exchange of text files. A special feature is that the formatting is converted into directly readable text information. Unfortunately, in comparison to other file formats, this creates relatively large files.

## Relational Database

A relational database is a collection of data items organized as a set of formally described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a program that lets you create, update, and administer a relational database. An RDBMS takes Structured Query Language (SQL) statements entered by a user or contained in an application program and creates, updates, or provides access to the database.

A good example of a relational database can be given with a database containing Customer, Purchase, and Invoice tables. In the Invoice table, there is no actual customer or purchasing data; however, the table contains references through a relational link, or a relation, to the respective customer and purchasing table's fields (for example, the customer ID field from the customer table).

## Reĝistra vero

Register-true is a typography term that is used in printing. This term refers to the congruent imprint of the lines within a type area on the front and the back side of book pages, newspaper pages and magazine pages. The register-true feature make these pages easier to read by preventing gray shadows from shining through between the lines of text. The register-true term also refers to lines in adjacent text columns that are of the same height.

When you define a paragraph, Paragraph Style, or a Page Style as register-true, the base lines of the affected characters are aligned to a vertical page grid, regardless of font size or of the presence of graphics. If you want, you can specify the setting for this grid as a Page Style property.

## SQL

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a language used for database queries. In LibreOffice you can formulate queries either in SQL or interactively with the mouse.

## SQL Database / SQL Server

An SQL database is a database system which offers an SQL interface. SQL databases are often used in client/server networks in which different clients access a central server (for example, an SQL server), hence they are also called SQL server databases, or SQL servers for short.

In LibreOffice, you can integrate external SQL databases. These may be located on your local hard disk as well as on the network. Access is achieved through ODBC, JDBC, or a native driver integrated into LibreOffice.

## Saving Relatively and Absolutely

In various dialogs (for example, Tools - AutoText) you can select whether you want to save files relatively or absolutely.

If you choose to save relatively, the references to embedded graphics or other objects in your document will be saved relative to the location in the file system. In this case, it does not matter where the referenced directory structure is recorded. The files will be found regardless of location, as long as the reference remains on the same drive or volume. This is important if you want to make the document available to other computers that may have a completely different directory structure, drive or volume names. It is also recommended to save relatively if you want to create a directory structure on an Internet server.

If you prefer absolute saving, all references to other files will also be defined as absolute, based on the respective drive, volume or root directory. The advantage is that the document containing the references can be moved to other directories or folders, and the references remain valid.

## Widows and Orphans

Widows and orphans are historical typography terms, which have been in use for many years. A widow refers to a short line at the end of a paragraph, which when printed, appears alone at the top of the next page. An orphan is, in contrast, the first line of a paragraph printed alone at the bottom of the previous page. In a LibreOffice text document you can automatically prevent such occurrences in the desired Paragraph Style. When doing so, you can determine the minimum amount of lines to be kept together on a page.

## Ĉefŝlosilo

A primary key serves as a unique identifier of database fields. The unique identification of database fields is used in relational databases, to access data in other tables. If reference is made to a primary key from another table, this is termed a foreign key.

In LibreOffice, you define the primary key in the design view of a table, by choosing the relevant command from the context menu of a row header for the selected field.