r"""
Group-Divisible Designs (GDD)

This module gathers everything related to Group-Divisible Designs. The
constructions defined here can be accessed through ``designs.<tab>``::

    sage: designs.group_divisible_design(14,{4},{2})
    Group Divisible Design on 14 points of type 2^7

The main function implemented here is :meth:`group_divisible_design` (which
calls all others) and the main class is :class:`GroupDivisibleDesign`. The
following functions are available:

.. csv-table::
    :class: contentstable
    :widths: 30, 70
    :delim: |

    :func:`group_divisible_design` | Return a `(v,K,G)`-Group Divisible Design.
    :func:`GDD_4_2` | Return a `(2q,\{4\},\{2\})`-GDD for `q` a prime power with `q\equiv 1\pmod{6}`.

Functions
---------
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, division

#*****************************************************************************
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
#*****************************************************************************
from six.moves import range

from sage.arith.all import is_prime_power
from sage.misc.unknown    import Unknown
from .incidence_structures import IncidenceStructure

def group_divisible_design(v,K,G,existence=False,check=False):
    r"""
    Return a `(v,K,G)`-Group Divisible Design.

    A `(v,K,G)`-GDD is a pair `(\mathcal G, \mathcal B)` where:

    - `\mathcal G` is a partition of `X=\bigcup \mathcal G` where `|X|=v`

    - `\forall S\in \mathcal G, |S| \in G`

    - `\forall S\in \mathcal B, |S| \in K`

    - `\mathcal G\cup \mathcal B` is a `(v,K\cup G)`-PBD

    For more information, see the documentation of
    :class:`~sage.combinat.designs.incidence_structures.GroupDivisibleDesign` or
    :class:`~sage.combinat.designs.bibd.PairwiseBalancedDesign`.

    INPUT:

    - ``v`` (integer)

    - ``K,G`` (sets of integers)

    - ``existence`` (boolean) -- instead of building the design, return:

        - ``True`` -- meaning that Sage knows how to build the design

        - ``Unknown`` -- meaning that Sage does not know how to build the
          design, but that the design may exist (see :mod:`sage.misc.unknown`).

        - ``False`` -- meaning that the design does not exist.

    - ``check`` -- (boolean) Whether to check that output is correct before
      returning it. As this is expected to be useless (but we are cautious
      guys), you may want to disable it whenever you want speed. Set to ``True``
      by default.

    .. NOTE::

        The GDD returned by this function are defined on ``range(v)``, and its
        groups are sets of consecutive integers.

    EXAMPLES::

        sage: designs.group_divisible_design(14,{4},{2})
        Group Divisible Design on 14 points of type 2^7
    """
    G = list(set(G))
    K = list(set(K))

    blocks = None

    # from a (v+1,k,1)-BIBD
    if (len(G) == 1 and
        len(K) == 1 and
        G[0]+1 in K):
        from .bibd import balanced_incomplete_block_design
        k = K[0]
        if existence:
            return balanced_incomplete_block_design(v+1,k,existence=True)
        BIBD = balanced_incomplete_block_design(v+1,k)
        groups = [[x for x in S if x!=v] for S in BIBD if v in S]
        d = {p:i for i,p in enumerate(sum(groups,[]))}
        d[v]=v
        BIBD.relabel(d)
        groups = [list(range((k-1)*i,(k-1)*(i+1))) for i in range(v//(k-1))]
        blocks = [S for S in BIBD if v not in S]

    # (v,{4},{2})-GDD
    elif (v%2==0   and
          K == [4] and
          G == [2] and
          GDD_4_2(v//2,existence=True)):
        if existence:
            return True
        return GDD_4_2(v//2,check=check)

    # From a TD(k,g)
    elif (len(G)    == 1 and
          len(K)    == 1 and
          K[0]*G[0] == v):
        from .orthogonal_arrays import transversal_design
        return transversal_design(k=K[0],n=G[0],existence=existence)

    if blocks:
        return GroupDivisibleDesign(v,
                                    groups = groups,
                                    blocks = blocks,
                                    G = G,
                                    K = K,
                                    check = check,
                                    copy  = True)

    if existence:
        return Unknown
    raise NotImplementedError

def GDD_4_2(q,existence=False,check=True):
    r"""
    Return a `(2q,\{4\},\{2\})`-GDD for `q` a prime power with `q\equiv 1\pmod{6}`.

    This method implements Lemma VII.5.17 from [BJL99] (p.495).

    INPUT:

    - ``q`` (integer)

    - ``existence`` (boolean) -- instead of building the design, return:

        - ``True`` -- meaning that Sage knows how to build the design

        - ``Unknown`` -- meaning that Sage does not know how to build the
          design, but that the design may exist (see :mod:`sage.misc.unknown`).

        - ``False`` -- meaning that the design does not exist.

    - ``check`` -- (boolean) Whether to check that output is correct before
      returning it. As this is expected to be useless (but we are cautious
      guys), you may want to disable it whenever you want speed. Set to ``True``
      by default.

    EXAMPLES::

        sage: from sage.combinat.designs.group_divisible_designs import GDD_4_2
        sage: GDD_4_2(7,existence=True)
        True
        sage: GDD_4_2(7)
        Group Divisible Design on 14 points of type 2^7
        sage: GDD_4_2(8,existence=True)
        Unknown
        sage: GDD_4_2(8)
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        NotImplementedError
    """
    if q <=1 or q%6 != 1 or not is_prime_power(q):
        if existence:
            return Unknown
        raise NotImplementedError
    if existence:
        return True

    from sage.rings.finite_rings.finite_field_constructor import FiniteField as GF
    G = GF(q,'x')
    w = G.primitive_element()
    e = w**((q - 1) // 3)

    # A first parallel class is defined. G acts on it, which yields all others.
    first_class = [[(0,0),(1,w**i),(1,e*w**i),(1,e*e*w**i)]
                   for i in range((q - 1) // 6)]

    label = {p:i for i,p in enumerate(G)}
    classes = [[[2*label[x[1]+g]+(x[0]+j)%2 for x in S]
                for S in first_class]
               for g in G for j in range(2)]

    return GroupDivisibleDesign(2*q,
                                groups = [[i,i+1] for i in range(0,2*q,2)],
                                blocks = sum(classes,[]),
                                K      = [4],
                                G      = [2],
                                check  = check,
                                copy   = False)

class GroupDivisibleDesign(IncidenceStructure):
    r"""
    Group Divisible Design (GDD)

    Let `K` and `G` be sets of positive integers and let `\lambda` be a positive
    integer. A Group Divisible Design of index `\lambda` and order `v` is a
    triple `(V,\mathcal G,\mathcal B)` where:

    - `V` is a set of cardinality `v`

    - `\mathcal G` is a partition of `V` into groups whose size belongs to `G`

    - `\mathcal B` is a family of subsets of `V` whose size belongs to `K` such
      that any two points `p_1,p_2\in V` from different groups appear
      simultaneously in exactly `\lambda` elements of `\mathcal B`. Besides, a
      group and a block intersect on at most one point.

    If `K=\{k_1,...,k_l\}` and `G` has exactly `m_i` groups of cardinality `k_i`
    then `G` is said to have type `k_1^{m_1}...k_l^{m_l}`.

    INPUT:

    - ``points`` -- the underlying set. If ``points`` is an integer `v`, then
      the set is considered to be `\{0, ..., v-1\}`.

    - ``groups`` -- the groups of the design. Set to ``None`` for an automatic
      guess (this triggers ``check=True`` and can thus cost some time).

    - ``blocks`` -- collection of blocks

    - ``G`` -- list of integers of which the sizes of the groups must be
      elements. Set to ``None`` (automatic guess) by default.

    - ``K`` -- list of integers of which the sizes of the blocks must be
      elements. Set to ``None`` (automatic guess) by default.

    - ``lambd`` (integer) -- value of `\lambda`, set to `1` by default.

    - ``check`` (boolean) -- whether to check that the design is indeed a `GDD`
      with the right parameters. Set to ``True`` by default.

    - ``copy`` -- (use with caution) if set to ``False`` then ``blocks`` must be
      a list of lists of integers. The list will not be copied but will be
      modified in place (each block is sorted, and the whole list is
      sorted). Your ``blocks`` object will become the instance's internal data.

    EXAMPLES::

        sage: from sage.combinat.designs.group_divisible_designs import GroupDivisibleDesign
        sage: TD = designs.transversal_design(4,10)
        sage: groups = [list(range(i*10,(i+1)*10)) for i in range(4)]
        sage: GDD = GroupDivisibleDesign(40,groups,TD); GDD
        Group Divisible Design on 40 points of type 10^4

    With unspecified groups::

        sage: D = designs.transversal_design(4,3).relabel(list('abcdefghiklm'),inplace=False).blocks()
        sage: GDD = GroupDivisibleDesign('abcdefghiklm',None,D)
        sage: sorted(GDD.groups())
        [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d', 'e', 'f'], ['g', 'h', 'i'], ['k', 'l', 'm']]

    """
    def __init__(self, points, groups, blocks, G=None, K=None, lambd=1, check=True, copy=True,**kwds):
        r"""
        Constructor function

        EXAMPLES::

            sage: from sage.combinat.designs.group_divisible_designs import GroupDivisibleDesign
            sage: TD = designs.transversal_design(4,10)
            sage: groups = [list(range(i*10,(i+1)*10)) for i in range(4)]
            sage: GDD = GroupDivisibleDesign(40,groups,TD); GDD
            Group Divisible Design on 40 points of type 10^4
        """
        from .designs_pyx import is_group_divisible_design

        self._lambd = lambd

        IncidenceStructure.__init__(self,
                                    points,
                                    blocks,
                                    copy=copy,
                                    check=False,
                                    **kwds)

        if (groups is None or
            (copy is False and self._point_to_index is None)):
            self._groups = groups
        elif self._point_to_index is None:
            self._groups = [g[:] for g in groups]
        else:
            self._groups = [[self._point_to_index[x] for x in g] for g in groups]

        if check or groups is None:
            is_gdd = is_group_divisible_design(self._groups,self._blocks,self.num_points(),G,K,lambd,verbose=1)
            assert is_gdd
            if groups is None:
                self._groups = is_gdd[1]

    def groups(self):
        r"""
        Return the groups of the Group-Divisible Design.

        EXAMPLES::

            sage: from sage.combinat.designs.group_divisible_designs import GroupDivisibleDesign
            sage: TD = designs.transversal_design(4,10)
            sage: groups = [list(range(i*10,(i+1)*10)) for i in range(4)]
            sage: GDD = GroupDivisibleDesign(40,groups,TD); GDD
            Group Divisible Design on 40 points of type 10^4
            sage: GDD.groups()
            [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
             [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
             [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29],
             [30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39]]

        TESTS:

        Non-integer ground set::

            sage: TD=designs.transversal_design(5,5)
            sage: TD.relabel({i:chr(97+i) for i in range(25)})
            sage: TD.groups()
            [['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'],
             ['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'],
             ['k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o'],
             ['p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't'],
             ['u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y']]
        """
        if self._point_to_index is None:
            return [list(g) for g in self._groups]
        else:
            return [[self._points[i] for i in g] for g in self._groups]

    def __repr__(self):
        r"""
        Returns a string that describes self

        EXAMPLES::

            sage: from sage.combinat.designs.group_divisible_designs import GroupDivisibleDesign
            sage: TD = designs.transversal_design(4,10)
            sage: groups = [list(range(i*10,(i+1)*10)) for i in range(4)]
            sage: GDD = GroupDivisibleDesign(40,groups,TD); GDD
            Group Divisible Design on 40 points of type 10^4
        """

        group_sizes = [len(_) for _ in self._groups]

        gdd_type = ["{}^{}".format(s,group_sizes.count(s))
                    for s in sorted(set(group_sizes))]
        gdd_type = ".".join(gdd_type)

        if not gdd_type:
            gdd_type = "1^0"

        v = self.num_points()

        return "Group Divisible Design on {} points of type {}".format(v,gdd_type)
