Qt Creator Manual | Checking Code Syntax

Qt Creator Manual 4.4.0

Semantic Highlighting ◦ Completing Code

# Checking Code Syntax

As you write code, Qt Creator checks code syntax. When Qt Creator spots a syntax error in your code it underlines it and shows error details when you move the mouse pointer over the error. Similarly, when you are working on an instance of a JavaScript object notation (JSON) entity, Qt Creator underlines errors in JSON data structure.

- Syntax errors are underlined in red.

  In the following figure, a semicolon is missing at the end of the line.

- Semantic errors and warnings are underlined in olive.

  In the following figure, the variable is not used.

When using the Clang code model, errors and warnings are additionally marked with icons and annotated. If a Clang fix-it is available, you can execute it by clicking the icon and pressing Enter.

In the following figure, a semicolon is missing at the end of the line.

In the following figure, the variable is not used.

To specify the position where the annotations are displayed, select Tools > Options > Text Editor > Display > Annotations next to lines, and then select whether to display the annotations directly next to the code, aligned to the right of the code, or in the right margin.

If you hide the annotations by deselecting the check box, you can move the mouse pointer over an icon to view them.

## Checking JSON Data Structure

You can run static checks on the QML and JavaScript code in your project to find common problems.

Qt Creator validates instances of JSON entities against A JSON Media Type for Describing the Structure and Meaning of JSON Documents. However, Qt Creator does not understand the entire specification.

A JSON schema defines the structure of JSON data. It determines what JSON data is required for an application and how to interact with it.

The specification does not define how to map JSON instances with JSON schemas. Qt Creator looks for a JSON schema file with a name that matches the name of the JSON instance file in the user configuration folder. For example, `~/config/QtProject/qtcreator/json` on Linux and macOS and `C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\QtCreator\qtcreator\json` in Windows. To check JSON data structure, copy the JSON schema file to the above folder.

### Checking JavaScript and QML Syntax

To run the checks, select Tools > QML/JS > Run Checks or press Ctrl+Shift+C. The results are shown in the QML Analysis filter of the Issues output pane.

### List of JavaScript and QML Checks

Many of the JavaScript checks are similar to the ones in Douglas Crockford's JSLint tool.

Id | Severity | Message | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
M1 | Error | Invalid value for enum |
M2 | Error | Enum value must be a string or a number |
M3 | Error | Number value expected |
M4 | Error | Boolean value expected |
M5 | Error | String value expected |
M6 | Error | Invalid URL |
M7 | Warning | File or directory does not exist |
M8 | Error | Invalid color |
M9 | Error | Anchor line expected |
M10 | Error | Duplicate property binding |
M11 | Error | Id expected |
M14 | Error | Invalid id |
M15 | Error | Duplicate id | Ids in a file must be unique.
M16 | Error | Invalid property name `name` |
M17 | Error | `Name` does not have members |
M18 | Error | `Field` is not a member of `object` |
M19 | Warning | Assignment in condition | It could be a typing error. If it is intentional, wrap the assignment in parentheses.
M20 | Warning | Unterminated non-empty case block | Case blocks should either be empty or end in a flow control statement such as `break`, `return` or `continue`. Alternatively you can indicate intentional fall through by ending with a `// fall through` comment.
M23 | Warning | Do not use `eval` |
M28 | Warning | Unreachable | Indicates that the underlined statement will never be executed.
M29 | Warning | Do not use `with` |
M30 | Warning | Do not use comma expressions |
M31 | Warning | Unnecessary message suppression |
M103 | Warning | `Name` is already a formal parameter |
M104 | Warning | `Name` is already a function |
M105 | Warning | Var `name` is used before its declaration |
M106 | Warning | `Name` is already a var |
M107 | Warning | `Name` is declared more than once | Variables declared in a function are always visible everywhere in the function, even when declared in nested blocks or `for` statement conditions. Redeclaring a variable has no effect.
M108 | Warning | Function `name` is used before its declaration |
M109 | Warning | Do not use `Boolean` as a constructor |
M110 | Warning | Do not use `String` as a constructor |
M111 | Warning | Do not use `Object` as a constructor |
M112 | Warning | Do not use `Array` as a constructor |
M113 | Warning | Do not use `Function` as a constructor |
M114 | Hint | The `function` keyword and the opening parenthesis should be separated by a single space |
M115 | Warning | Do not use stand-alone blocks | Blocks do not affect variable scoping. Thus blocks that are not associated to `if`, `while`, etc. have no effect and should be avoided.
M116 | Warning | Do not use void expressions |
M117 | Warning | Confusing pluses |
M119 | Warning | Confusing minuses |
M121 | Hint | Declare all function vars on a single line |
M123 | Hint | Unnecessary parentheses |
M126 | Warning | `==` and `!=` may perform type coercion, use `===` or `!==` to avoid it | The non-strict equality comparison is allowed to convert its arguments to a common type. That can lead to unexpected results such as `' \t\r\n' == 0` being true. Use the strict equality operators `===` and `!==` and be explicit about conversions you require.
M127 | Warning | Expression statements should be assignments, calls or delete expressions only |
M128 | Error | A state cannot have the specified child item |
M201 | Hint | Place var declarations at the start of a function |
M202 | Hint | Use only one statement per line |
M203 | Warning | Imperative code is not supported in the Qt Quick Designer |
M204 | Warning | This QML type is not supported in the Qt Quick Designer |
M205 | Warning | Reference to parent QML type cannot be resolved correctly by the Qt Quick Designer |
M206 | Warning | This visual property binding cannot be evaluated in the local context and might not show up in Qt Quick Designer as expected |
M207 | Warning | Qt Quick Designer only supports states in the root QML type |
M208 | Error | This id might be ambiguous and is not supported in the Qt Quick Designer. |
M209 | Error | This type (type name) is not supported as a root element by Qt Quick Designer. |
M220 | Error | This type (type name) is not supported as a root element of a Qt Quick UI form. |
M221 | Error | This type (type name) is not supported in a Qt Quick UI form. |
M222 | Error | Functions are not supported in a Qt Quick UI form. |
M223 | Error | Java Script blocks are not supported in a Qt Quick UI form. |
M224 | Error | Behavior type is not supported in a Qt Quick UI form. |
M225 | Error | States are only supported in the root item in a Qt Quick UI form. |
M226 | Error | Referencing the parent of the root item is not supported in a Qt Quick UI form. |
M300 | Error | Unknown component |
M301 | Error | Could not resolve the prototype `name` of `object` |
M302 | Error | Could not resolve the prototype `name` |
M303 | Error | Prototype cycle, the last non-repeated component is `name` |
M304 | Error | Invalid property type `name` |
M305 | Warning | `==` and `!=` perform type coercion, use `===` or `!==` to avoid it | See M126.
M306 | Warning | Calls of functions that start with an uppercase letter should use `new` | By convention, functions that start with an uppercase letter are constructor functions that should only be used with `new`.
M307 | Warning | Use `new` only with functions that start with an uppercase letter |
M308 | Warning | Do not use `Number` as a constructor |
M309 | Hint | Use spaces around binary operators |
M310 | Warning | Unintentional empty block, use ({}) for empty object literal |
M311 | Hint | Use `type` instead of `var` or `variant` to improve performance |
M312 | Error | Missing property `number` |
M313 | Error | Object value expected |
M314 | Error | Array value expected |
M315 | Error | `Value` value expected |
M316 | Error | Maximum number value is `number` |
M317 | Error | Minimum number value is `number` |
M318 | Error | Maximum number value is exclusive |
M319 | Error | Minimum number value is exclusive |
M320 | Error | String value does not match required pattern |
M321 | Error | Minimum string value length is `number` |
M322 | Error | Maximum string value length is `number` |
M323 | Error | `Number` elements expected in array value |
M324 | Warning | Using Qt Quick 1 code model instead of Qt Quick 2 | The code model might be corrupt or the QML emulation layer might have been built with a different Qt version than the one selected in the build and run kit. For more information, see Resetting the Code Model and Running QML Modules in Qt Quick Designer.

## Resetting the Code Model

If you change the build and run kit when you have QML files open in the code editor, the code model might become corrupt. The following error message indicates that this might have happened: Using Qt Quick 1 code model instead of Qt Quick 2.

You can see the error message when you move the mouse pointer over code that Qt Creator underlines in the code editor or when you open a QML file in the Design mode.

To reset the code model, select Tools > QML/JS > Reset Code Model.

If this does not help, try changing the QML emulation layer to the one that was built with the same Qt version as the one selected in the build and run kit. For more information, see Running QML Modules in Qt Quick Designer.

## Inspecting QML and JavaScript

To inspect QML and JavaScript properties, methods, and enums, move the cursor over them and select Tools > QML/JS > Inspect API for Element Under Cursor.

## Automatically Formatting QML/JS Files

To automatically format QML/JS files upon saving, select Tools > Options > Qt Quick > QML/JS Editing > Enable auto format on file save.

Semantic Highlighting ◦ Completing Code