# Nextcloud

Related articles

- Apache HTTP Server
- LAMP
- LEMP
- Nginx
- OpenSSL
- WebDAV

This article or section is out of date.

Reason: owncloud[broken link: archived in aur-mirror] has been droppped; nextcloud has been added. Many sections still refer to ownCloud. (Discuss in Talk:Nextcloud#)

From Wikipedia:

  Nextcloud is a suite of client-server software for creating file hosting services and using them. It is functionally very similar to the widely used Dropbox, with the primary functional difference being that Nextcloud is free and open-source, and thereby allowing anyone to install and operate it without charge on a private server. In contrast to proprietary services like Dropbox, the open architecture allows adding additional functionality to the server in form of so-called applications.

For differences between Nextcloud and ownCloud see wikipedia:Nextcloud#Differences_from_ownCloud.

## Prerequisites

Nextcloud requires several components:

- A web server: Apache or nginx
- A database: MariaDB or PostgreSQL
- PHP with additional modules.

These will be configured in #Setup.

Make sure the required components are installed before proceeding.

## Installation

Install the nextcloud package.

## Setup

As stated above, in order to setup Nextcloud, you must set up the appropriate PHP requirements; additionally, you must configure a database and a webserver.

### PHP setup

Tip: For all prerequisite PHP modules, see upstream documentation: Nextcloud 11.0.

Install PHP#gd, php-intl and php-mcrypt as additional modules.

Depending on which database backend will be used:

- For MySQL, see PHP#MySQL/MariaDB.
- For PostgreSQL, see PHP#PostgreSQL.
- For SQLite, see PHP#Sqlite.

Performance may be improved through the implementation of caching, see Configuring Memory Caching on the official documentation for details.

### Database setup

An SQL database must be setup and used for your Nextcloud installation. After setting up the database here, you will be prompted for its information when you first create an administrator account.

#### MariaDB

Note: It's is highly recommended to set `binlog_format` to mixed [1] in `/etc/mysql/my.cnf`.

The following is an example of setting up a MariaDB database and user:

    $ mysql -u root -p

    mysql> CREATE DATABASE `nextcloud` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `utf8` COLLATE `utf8_unicode_ci`;
    mysql> CREATE USER `nextcloud`@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `nextcloud`.* TO `nextcloud`@`localhost`;
    mysql> \q

#### PostgreSQL

The following is an example of setting up a PostgreSQL user and database:

    $ sudo -u postgres createuser -h localhost -P nextcloud

    Enter password for new role:
    Enter it again:

    $ sudo -u postgres createdb -O nextcloud nextcloud

### Webserver setup

Warning: It is recommended to use TLS/SSL (HTTPS) over plain HTTP, see Apache#TLS/SSL or Nginx#TLS/SSL for examples and implement this in the examples given below.

Depending on which webserver you are using, further setup is required, indicated below.

#### Apache

Copy the Apache configuration file to the configuration directory:

    # cp /etc/webapps/nextcloud/apache.example.conf /etc/httpd/conf/extra/nextcloud.conf

Modify the file according to your preferences. By default it includes an alias for `/nextcloud` pointing to `/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud`.

And include it in `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`:

    Include conf/extra/nextcloud.conf

Ensure that the root location of your Nextcloud installation (e.g., `/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud`) is accessible by the webserver's user `http`.

Now restart Apache (`httpd.service`).

##### WebDAV

ownCloud comes with its own WebDAV implementation enabled, which may conflict with the one shipped with Apache. If you have enabled WebDAV (not enabled by default), disable the modules `mod_dav` and `mod_dav_fs` in `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`. See [2] for details.

#### Nginx

Create an empty directory to hold the cloud-specific config file:

    # mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d/

In `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf`, add the following lines under the "http" section:

    http {
    ...
    ...
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    include conf.d/*.conf;
    }

Create a config file `/etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf` according to the documentation. You will likely have to change the `root` location, as the arch package installs to `/usr/share/webapps/` instead of `/var/www/`.

Addtitionally, you should change

    upstream php-handler {
       server 127.0.0.1:9000;
       #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
    }

to

    upstream php-handler {
       #server 127.0.0.1:9000;
       server unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
    }

in the `/etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf` file.

From this point on, it is recommended to obtain a secure-certificates using Let’s Encrypt, see #Security Hardening.

##### PHP-FPM configuration

Make sure PHP-FPM has been configured correctly as described in Nginx#PHP configuration.

Uncomment `env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin` in `/etc/php/php-fpm.d/www.conf` and restart `php-fpm.service` to apply the changes.

## Initialize

Open the address where you have installed Nextcloud in a web browser (e.g., https://www.examples.com/nextcloud). From there follow the instructions in adding an administrator account as well as selecting the database you created earlier.

## Security Hardening

The Nextcloud Hardening and Security article guides along generic topics. See also the project's Security scanner.

### Let's Encrypt

#### nginx

This article or section is a candidate for moving to Let's Encrypt.

Notes: A simple example of configuring an 'empty' domain for Let's Encrypt should be created. The example file given is too big and could be far easier. (Discuss in Talk:Nextcloud#)

1. Create the cloud configuration `/etc/nginx/conf.d/cloud-initial.conf` using this initial file as a template. Substitute the literal "@@FQDN@@" in the template file with the actual FQDN to be used. The certs for the server need to be generated using this unencrypted configuration initially. Follow the steps outlined on Let’s Encrypt to generate the server encryption certificates.

2. Upon successfully generating certificates, replace `/etc/nginx/conf.d/cloud-initial.conf` (it may be safely renamed so long as it does not end in ".conf" or simply deleted) with a new file, `/etc/nginx/conf.d/cloud.conf` using this file as a template. Again, substitute the literal "@@FQDN@@" in the template file with the actual FQDN to be used. Start and optionally enable `nginx.service`.

### uWSGI

You can run ownCloud in its own process and service by using the uWSGI application server with uwsgi-plugin-php. This allows you to define a PHP configuration only for this instance of PHP, without the need to edit the global `php.ini` and thus keeping your web application configurations compartmentalized. uWSGI itself has a wealth of features to limit the resource use and to harden the security of the application, and by being a separate process it can run under its own user.

The only part that differs from #php-fpm configuration[broken link: invalid section] is the `location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {}` block:

      location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_modifier1 14;
        # Avoid duplicate headers confusing OC checks
        uwsgi_hide_header X-Frame-Options;
        uwsgi_hide_header X-XSS-Protection;
        uwsgi_hide_header X-Content-Type-Options;
        uwsgi_hide_header X-Robots-Tag;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/owncloud.sock;
        }

Then create a config file for uWSGI:

    /etc/uwsgi/owncloud.ini

    [uwsgi]
    ; load the required plugins
    plugins = php
    ; force the sapi name to 'apache', this will enable the opcode cache
    php-sapi-name = apache

    ; set master process name and socket
    ; '%n' refers to the name of this configuration file without extension
    procname-master = uwsgi %n
    master = true
    socket = /run/uwsgi/%n.sock

    ; drop privileges
    uid    = http
    gid    = http
    umask  = 027

    ; run with at least 1 process but increase up to 4 when needed
    processes = 4
    cheaper = 1

    ; reload whenever this config file changes
    ; %p is the full path of the current config file
    touch-reload = %p

    ; disable uWSGI request logging
    ;disable-logging = true

    ; enforce a DOCUMENT_ROOT
    php-docroot     = /usr/share/webapps/%n
    ; limit allowed extensions
    php-allowed-ext = .php
    ; and search for index.php if required
    php-index = index.php

    ; set php configuration for this instance of php, no need to edit global php.ini
    php-set = date.timezone=Etc/UTC
    ;php-set = open_basedir=/tmp/:/usr/share/webapps/owncloud:/etc/webapps/owncloud:/dev/urandom
    php-set = expose_php=false
    ; avoid security risk of leaving sessions in world-readable /tmp
    php-set = session.save_path=/usr/share/webapps/owncloud/data

    ; port of php directives set upstream in /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/.user.ini for use with PHP-FPM
    php-set = upload_max_filesize=513M
    php-set = post_max_size=513M
    php-set = memory_limit=512M
    php-set = output_buffering=off

    ; load all extensions only in this instance of php, no need to edit global php.ini
    ;; required core modules
    php-set = extension=gd.so
    php-set = extension=iconv.so
    ;php-set = extension=zip.so     # enabled by default in global php.ini

    ;; database connectors
    ;; uncomment your selected driver
    ;php-set = extension=pdo_sqlite.so
    ;php-set = extension=pdo_mysql.so
    ;php-set = extension=pdo_pgsql.so

    ;; recommended extensions
    ;php-set = extension=curl.so    # enabled by default in global php.ini
    php-set = extension=bz2.so
    php-set = extension=intl.so
    php-set = extension=mcrypt.so

    ;; required for specific apps
    ;php-set = extension=ldap.so    # for LDAP integration
    ;php-set = extension=ftp.so     # for FTP storage / external user authentication
    ;php-set = extension=imap.so    # for external user authentication, requires php-imap

    ;; recommended for specific apps
    ;php-set = extension=exif.so    # for image rotation in pictures app, requires exiv2
    ;php-set = extension=gmp.so     # for SFTP storage

    ;; for preview generation
    ;; provided by packages in AUR
    ; php-set = extension=imagick.so

    ; opcache
    php-set = zend_extension=opcache.so

    ; user cache
    ; provided by php-acpu, to be enabled **either** here **or** in /etc/php/conf.d/apcu.ini
    php-set = extension=apcu.so
    ; per https://github.com/krakjoe/apcu/blob/simplify/INSTALL
    php-set = apc.ttl=7200
    php-set = apc.enable_cli=1

    cron2 = minute=-15,unique=1 /usr/bin/php -f /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/cron.php 1>/dev/null

Note:

- Do not forget to set your timezone and uncomment the required database connector in the uWSGI config file
- Starting with PHP 7, the open_basedir directive is no longer set by default to keep in line with upstream. A commented out version functional until at least OC 8.2 has been left in the config for users wishing to harden security. Be aware that it may occasionally break things.
- Use `php-docroot = /usr/share/webapps` if placing nextcloud in /nextcloud subdirectory.

Warning: The way the ownCloud background job is currently set up with uWSGI cron will make use of the default global configuration from `/etc/php/php.ini`. This means that none of the specific parameters defined (e.g. required modules) will be enabled, leading to various issues. One solution is to copy `/etc/php/php.ini` to e.g. `/etc/uwsgi/cron-php.ini`, make the required modifications there (mirroring `/etc/uwsgi/owncloud.ini` parameters) and referencing it in the cron directive by adding the `-c /etc/uwsgi/cron-php.ini` option to php invocation.

#### Activation

uWSGI provides a template unit that allows to start and enable application using their configuration file name as instance identifier. For example:

    # systemctl start uwsgi@owncloud.socket

would start it on demand referencing the configuration file `/etc/uwsgi/owncloud.ini`.

To enable the uwsgi service by default at start-up, run:

    # systemctl enable uwsgi@owncloud.socket

Note: Here we make use of systemd socket activation to prevent unnecessary resources consumption when no connections are made to the instance. If you would rather have it constantly active, simply remove the `.socket` part to start and enable the service instead.

See also UWSGI#Starting service[broken link: invalid section].

### Setting strong permissions for the filesystem

From the official installation manual:

  For hardened security we recommend setting the permissions on your ownCloud directories as strictly as possible, and for proper server operations. This should be done immediately after the initial installation and before running the setup. Your HTTP user must own the `config/`, `data/` and `apps/` directories so that you can configure ownCloud, create, modify and delete your data files, and install apps via the ownCloud Web interface.

Note: The AUR package for nextcloud provides a similar script `/usr/bin/set-nc-perms` while the owncloud package does not.

    oc-perms

    #!/bin/bash
    ocpath='/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud'
    htuser='http'
    htgroup='http'
    rootuser='root'

    printf "Creating possible missing Directories\n"
    mkdir -p $ocpath/data
    mkdir -p $ocpath/assets

    printf "chmod Files and Directories\n"
    find ${ocpath}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
    find ${ocpath}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750

    printf "chown Directories\n"
    chown -R ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/
    chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/apps/
    chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/config/
    chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/data/
    chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/themes/
    chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/assets/

    chmod +x ${ocpath}/occ

    printf "chmod/chown .htaccess\n"
    if [ -f ${ocpath}/.htaccess ]
     then
      chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/.htaccess
      chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/.htaccess
    fi
    if [ -f ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess ]
     then
      chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess
      chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess
    fi

If you have customized your ownCloud installation and your filepaths are different than the standard installation, then modify this script accordingly.

### Protection from hacking with fail2ban

Setting up fail2ban is highly recommended. Once installed, create the following files:

    /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/owncloud.conf

    [Definition]
    failregex={"reqId":".*","remoteAddr":".*","app":"core","message":"Login failed: '.*' \(Remote IP: '<HOST>'\)","level":2,"time":".*"}

    ignoreregex =

    /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

    [owncloud]
    enabled = true
    filter  = owncloud
    port    =  http,https
    logpath = /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/data/owncloud.log
    # optionally whitelist internal LAN IP addresses
    ignoreip = 192.168.1.1/24

Restart the `fail2ban` service. One can test the configuration by running the following:

    fail2ban-regex /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/data/owncloud.log /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/owncloud.conf -v

## Maintenance associated with Arch package updates

When the Arch nextcloud package is updated via pacman, it may become necessary to connect via the web interface to manually trigger an update of the associated files. Alternatively, one can run use `/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud/occ upgrade` from the shell but it must be run as the http user:

    # sudo -u http /usr/share/webapps/nextcloud/occ upgrade

Note: Failure to do so will render the mobile app unable to connect.

## Synchronization

### Desktop

The official client can be installed with the owncloud-client or nextcloud-clientAUR package. Alternative versions are available in the AUR: owncloud-client-betaAUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror], owncloud-client-gitAUR and owncloud-client-qt5AUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror].

#### Calendar

To access your ownCloud calendars using Mozilla Thunderbird's Lightning calendar you would use the following URL:

    https://ADDRESS/remote.php/caldav/calendars/USERNAME/CALENDARNAME

To access your ownCloud calendars using CalDAV-compatible programs like Kontact or Evolution, you would use the following URL:

    https://ADDRESS/remote.php/caldav

For details see the official documentation.

#### Contacts

To sync contacts with Thunderbird you must install the SOGo frontend, Lightning extension and follow those instructions from the official doc.

#### Mounting files with davfs2

If you want to mount your ownCloud permanently install davfs2 (as described in Davfs) first.

Considering your ownCloud were at `https://own.example.com`, your WebDAV URL would be `https://own.example.com/remote.php/webdav` (as of ownCloud 6.0).

To mount your ownCloud, use:

    # mount -t davfs https://own.example.com/remote.php/webdav /path/to/mount

You can also create an entry for this in `/etc/fstab`

    /etc/fstab

    https://own.example.com/remote.php/webdav /path/to/mount davfs rw,user,noauto 0 0

Tip: In order to allow automount you can also store your username (and password if you like) in a file as described in Davfs#Mounting as regular user.
Note: If creating/copying files is not possible, while the same operations work on directories, see Davfs#Creating/copying files not possible.

### Android

There is an official Android app available for a small donation on the Play Store and for free on F-Droid.

To enable contacts and calendar sync:

- if using Android 4+:
  1. download [3] (Play Store, F-Droid)
  2. Enable mod_rewrite.so in httpd.conf
  3. create a new DAVdroid account in the Account settings, and specify your "short" server address and login/password couple, e.g. `https://cloud.example.com` (there is no need for the `/remote.php/{carddav,webdav}` part if you configured your web server with the proper redirections, as illustrated previously in the article; DAVdroid will find itself the right URLs)

  For an older version of the app but with still useful info, see this article.

- if using an Android version below 4.0 and favouring Free/Libre software solutions, give a try to aCal for calendar and contacts sync or CalDAV Sync Adapter (F-Droid) for just calendar sync; if you are willing to use non-libre software, then the recommended solution is to use CardDAV-Sync and CalDAV-Sync.

### SABnzbd

When using SABnzbd, you might want to set

    folder_rename 0

in your sabnzbd.ini file, because ownCloud will scan the files as soon as they get uploaded, preventing SABnzbd from removing UNPACKING prefixes etc.

## Troubleshooting

### Self-signed certificate not accepted

ownCloud uses Wikipedia:cURL and Wikipedia:SabreDAV to check if WebDAV is enabled. If you use SSL/TLS with a self-signed certificate, e.g. as shown in LAMP, and access ownCloud's admin panel, you will see the following error message:

    Your web server is not yet properly setup to allow files synchronization because the WebDAV interface seems to be broken.

Assuming that you followed the LAMP tutorial, execute the following steps:

Create a local directory for non-distribution certificates and copy LAMPs certificate there. This will prevent `ca-certificates`-updates from overwriting it.

    # cp /etc/httpd/conf/server.crt /usr/share/ca-certificates/WWW.EXAMPLE.COM.crt

Add WWW.EXAMPLE.COM.crt to `/etc/ca-certificates.conf`:

    WWW.EXAMPLE.COM.crt

Now, regenerate your certificate store:

    # update-ca-certificates

Restart the httpd service to activate your certificate.

### Self-signed certificate for Android devices

Once you have followed the setup for SSL, as on LAMP for example, early versions of DAVdroid will reject the connection because the certificate is not trusted. A certificate can be made as follows on your server:

     # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in /etc/httpd/conf/server.csr -signkey /etc/httpd/conf/server.key -extfile android.txt -out CA.crt
     # openssl x509 -inform PEM -outform DER -in CA.crt -out CA.der.crt

The file `android.txt` should contain the following:

     basicConstraints=CA:true

Then import `CA.der.crt` to your Android device:

Put the `CA.der.crt` file onto the sdcard of your Android device (usually to the internal one, e.g. save from a mail attachment). It should be in the root directory. Go to Settings > Security > Credential storage and select Install from device storage. The `.crt` file will be detected and you will be prompted to enter a certificate name. After importing the certificate, you will find it in Settings > Security > Credential storage > Trusted credentials > User.

Thanks to: [4]

Another way is to import the certificate directly from your server via CAdroid and follow the instructions there.

### Cannot write into config directory!

Check your httpd configuration file (like `owncloud.conf`). Add your configuration directory (`/etc/webapps` by default) to

    php_admin_value open_basedir "/srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/usr/share/webapps/:/path/to/dir/"

Restart the httpd or php-fpm service to activate the change.

### Cannot create data directory (/path/to/dir)

Check your httpd configuration file (like `owncloud.conf`). Add your data directory to

    php_admin_value open_basedir "/srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/usr/share/webapps/:/path/to/dir/"

Restart the httpd or php-fpm service to activate the change.

Alternatively, since PHP 7 doesn't use open_basedir by default, you may work around this issue by creating the required data directory owned by root:http (replace http by the user your webserver is running under) with 770 permissions.

### CSync failed to find a specific file.

This is most likely a certificate issue. Recreate it, and do not leave the common name empty or you will see the error again.

    # openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout server.key -out server.crt

### Seeing white page after login

The cause is probably a new app that you installed. To fix that, you can use the occ command as described here. So with

    sudo -u http php /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/occ app:list

you can list all apps (if you installed owncloud in the standard directory), and with

    sudo -u http php /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/occ app:disable <nameOfExtension>

you can disable the troubling app.

Alternatively, you can either use phpMyAdmin to edit the `oc_appconfig` table (if you got lucky and the table has an edit option), or do it by hand with mysql:

    mysql -u root -p owncloud
    MariaDB [owncloud]> delete from oc_appconfig where appid='<nameOfExtension>' and configkey='enabled' and configvalue='yes';
    MariaDB [owncloud]> insert into oc_appconfig (appid,configkey,configvalue) values ('<nameOfExtension>','enabled','no');

This should delete the relevant configuration from the table and add it again.

### GUI sync client fails to connect

If using HTTP basic authentication, make sure to exclude "status.php", which must be publicly accessible. [5]

### Some files upload, but give an error 'Integrity constraint violation...'

You may see the following error in the ownCloud sync client:

       SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: ... Duplicate entry '...' for key 'fs_storage_path_hash')...

This is caused by an issue with the File Locking app, which is often not sufficient to keep conflicts from occurring on some webserver configurations. A more complete Transactional File Locking is available that rids these errors, but you must be using the Redis php-caching method. Install redis and php-redisAUR, comment out your current php-cache mechanism, and then in `/etc/php/conf.d/redis.ini` uncomment `extension=redis.so`. Then in `config.php` make the following changes:

       'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
       'filelocking.enabled' => 'true',
       'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
       'redis' => array(
            'host' => 'localhost',
            'port' => 6379,
            'timeout' => 0.0,
             ),

and start Redis:

       systemctl enable redis.service
       systemctl start redis.service

Finally, disable the File Locking App, as the Transational File Locking will take care of it (and would conflict).

If everything is working, you should see 'Transactional File Locking Enabled' under Server Status on the Admin page, and syncs should no longer cause issues.

### "Cannot write into apps directory"

As mentioned in the official admin manual, either you need an apps directory that is writable by the http user, or you need to set `appstoreenabled` to `false`.

Also, not mentioned there, the directory needs to be in the `open_basedir` line in `/etc/php/php.ini`.

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: Does not seem to work with 8.0.2 (Discuss in Talk:Nextcloud#)

One clean method is to have the package-installed directory at `/usr/share/webapps/owncloud/apps` stay owned by root, and have the user-installed apps go into e.g. `/var/www/owncloud/apps`, which is owned by http. Then you can set `appstoreenabled` to `true` and package upgrades of apps should work fine as well. Relevant lines from `/etc/webapps/owncloud/config/config.php`:

      'apps_paths' =>
      array (
        0 =>
        array (
          'path' => '/usr/share/webapps/owncloud/apps',
          'url' => '/apps',
          'writable' => false,
        ),
        1 =>
        array (
          'path' => '/var/www/owncloud/apps',
          'url' => '/wapps',
          'writable' => true,
        ),
      ),

Example `open_basedir` line from `/etc/php/php.ini` (you might have other directories in there as well):

    open_basedir = /srv/http/:/usr/share/webapps/:/var/www/owncloud/apps/

Directory permissions:

    $ ls -ld /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/apps /var/www/owncloud/apps/

     drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 des.  14 20:48 /usr/share/webapps/owncloud/apps
     drwxr-xr-x  2 http http   48 jan.  20 20:01 /var/www/owncloud/apps/

### Security warnings even though the recommended settings have been included in nginx.conf

At the top of the admin page there might be a warning to set the `Strict-Transport-Security`, `X-Content-Type-Options`, `X-Frame-Options`, `X-XSS-Protection` and `X-Robots-Tag` according to https://doc.owncloud.org/server/8.1/admin_manual/configuration_server/harden_server.html even though they are already set like that.

A possible cause could be that because owncloud sets those settings, uwsgi passed them along and nginx added them again:

    $ curl -I https://domain.tld

    ...
    X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
    X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
    X-Frame-Options: Sameorigin
    X-Robots-Tag: none
    Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;
    X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
    X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
    X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
    X-Robots-Tag: none

While the fast_cgi sample config has a parameter to avoid that ( `fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; #Avoid sending the security headers twice` ), when using uwsgi and nginx the following modification of the uwsgi part in nginx.conf could help:

     /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

    ...
            # pass all .php or .php/path urls to uWSGI
            location ~ ^(.+\.php)(.*)$ {
                include uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_modifier1 14;
                # hode following headers received from uwsgi, because otherwise we would send them twice since we already add them in nginx itself
                uwsgi_hide_header X-Frame-Options;
                uwsgi_hide_header X-XSS-Protection;
                uwsgi_hide_header X-Content-Type-Options;
                uwsgi_hide_header X-Robots-Tag;
                uwsgi_hide_header X-Frame-Options;
                #Uncomment line below if you get connection refused error. Remember to commet out line with "uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:3001;" below
                uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/owncloud.sock;
                #uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:3001;
            }
    ...

### "Reading from keychain failed with error: 'No keychain service available'"

Can be fixed for Gnome by installing the following 2 packages, libgnome-keyring and gnome-keyring. Or the following for KDE, libgnome-keyring and qtkeychain.

## Tips and tricks

### Running ownCloud in a subdirectory

By including the default `owncloud.conf` in `httpd.conf`, ownCloud will take control of port 80 and your localhost domain.

If you would like to have ownCloud run in a subdirectory, then edit the `/etc/httpd/conf/extra/owncloud.conf` you included and comment out the `<VirtualHost *:80> ... </VirtualHost>` part of the include file.

You can use the following nginx config when using owncloud with uwsgi:

    /etc/nginx/conf.d/owncloud.conf

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/owncloud/remote.php/dav;
    }

    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/owncloud/remote.php/dav;
    }

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge { }

    location ^~ /owncloud {

      root /usr/share/webapps;

      # set max upload size
      client_max_body_size 512M;
      fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

      # Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
      gzip off;

      # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
      # This module is currently not supported.
      #pagespeed off;

      location /owncloud {
        rewrite ^ /owncloud/index.php$uri;
      }

      location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
      }

      location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
      }

      location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
      }

      location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_modifier1 14;
        # Avoid duplicate headers confusing OC checks
        uwsgi_hide_header X-Frame-Options;
        uwsgi_hide_header X-XSS-Protection;
        uwsgi_hide_header X-Content-Type-Options;
        uwsgi_hide_header X-Robots-Tag;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/owncloud.sock;
      }

      # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
      # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
      location ~* \.(?:css|js) {
        try_files $uri /owncloud/index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers  (It is intended
        # to have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read
        # into this topic first.
        # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
        # includeSubDomains; preload;";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
      }

      location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg) {
        try_files $uri /owncloud/index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
      }
    }

### Docker

See the ownCloud or Nextcloud repository for Docker.

### Upload and share from File Manager

shareLinkCreator provides the ability to upload a file to OwnCloud via a supported file manager and receive a link to the uploaded file which can then be emailed or shared in another way.

### Switch to Cron from AJAX

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: Who recommends this? Nextcloud? Who says it is the least reliable method? (Discuss in Talk:Nextcloud#)

Nextcloud requires scheduled execution of some tasks, and by default it archives this by using AJAX, however AJAX is the least reliable method, and it is recommended to use Cron instead.

To do so, first install the cronie package.

Then create a job for `http` user:

    # crontab -u http -e

This would open editor, paste this:

    */15  *  *  *  * php -f /usr/share/webapps/nextcloud/cron.php

Save the file and exit. Now you should enable and start `cronie.service`.

You can verify that everything is set by running

    # crontab -u http -l

Finally, set Cron option in Nextcloud settings to Cron.

### Collabora Online Office integration

Install nextcloud-app-collabora-onlineAUR from the AUR. Add following reverse proxy settings to your nextcloud domain config, in this case for Nginx:

    # static files
    location ^~ /loleaflet {
     proxy_pass https://localhost:9980;
     proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }
    # WOPI discovery URL
    location ^~ /hosting/discovery {
     proxy_pass https://localhost:9980;
     proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }
    # websockets, download, presentation and image upload
    location ^~ /lool {
     proxy_pass https://localhost:9980;
     proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
     proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
     proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }

There's also a setup instruction for Apache. Assuming you already have the docker daemon up and running, you can now pull the latest docker image for Collabora Online. Adjust the second command with the domain name of your Nextcloud server.

    docker pull collabora/code
    docker run -t -d -p 127.0.0.1:9980:9980 -e 'domain=localhost' --net host --restart always --cap-add MKNOD collabora/code

When updating the docker image you can run the same commands, but before that kill all running processes of the old image:

    docker ps
    docker stop CONTAINER_ID
    docker rm CONTAINER_ID

Now you can enable the Collabora Online app in your Nextcloud instance. In the last step, you have to configure your domain in the administrator settings regarding the Collabora Online app.

## See also

- ownCloud official website
- ownCloud 9.2 Admin Documentation
- nextcloud official website
- nextcloud 11.0 Admin Documentation

Category:

- Web server

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