dlist-0.8.0.3: Difference lists

Copyright | (c) 2006-2009 Don Stewart 2013-2016 Sean Leather
License | See LICENSE file
Maintainer | sean.leather@gmail.com
Stability | stable
Portability | portable
Safe Haskell | None
Language | Haskell98

Data.DList

Contents

- Construction
- Basic functions

Description

Difference lists: a data structure for O(1) append on lists.

Synopsis

- data DList a
- fromList :: [a] -> DList a
- toList :: DList a -> [a]
- apply :: DList a -> [a] -> [a]
- empty :: DList a
- singleton :: a -> DList a
- cons :: a -> DList a -> DList a
- snoc :: DList a -> a -> DList a
- append :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a
- concat :: [DList a] -> DList a
- replicate :: Int -> a -> DList a
- list :: b -> (a -> DList a -> b) -> DList a -> b
- head :: DList a -> a
- tail :: DList a -> DList a
- unfoldr :: (b -> Maybe (a, b)) -> b -> DList a
- foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> DList a -> b
- map :: (a -> b) -> DList a -> DList b

# Documentation

data DList a #

A difference list is a function that, given a list, returns the original contents of the difference list prepended to the given list.

This structure supports O(1) append and snoc operations on lists, making it very useful for append-heavy uses (esp. left-nested uses of `++`), such as logging and pretty printing.

Here is an example using DList as the state type when printing a tree with the Writer monad:

    import Control.Monad.Writer
    import Data.DList

    data Tree a = Leaf a | Branch (Tree a) (Tree a)

    flatten_writer :: Tree x -> DList x
    flatten_writer = snd . runWriter . flatten
        where
          flatten (Leaf x)     = tell (singleton x)
          flatten (Branch x y) = flatten x >> flatten y

Instances

Monad DList # |
Methods (>>=) :: DList a -> (a -> DList b) -> DList b # (>>) :: DList a -> DList b -> DList b # return :: a -> DList a # fail :: String -> DList a #
Functor DList # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> DList a -> DList b # (<$) :: a -> DList b -> DList a #
Applicative DList # |
Methods pure :: a -> DList a # (<*>) :: DList (a -> b) -> DList a -> DList b # (*>) :: DList a -> DList b -> DList b # (<*) :: DList a -> DList b -> DList a #
Foldable DList # |
Methods fold :: Monoid m => DList m -> m # foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> DList a -> m # foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> DList a -> b # foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> DList a -> b # foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> DList a -> b # foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> DList a -> b # foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> DList a -> a # foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> DList a -> a # toList :: DList a -> [a] # null :: DList a -> Bool # length :: DList a -> Int # elem :: Eq a => a -> DList a -> Bool # maximum :: Ord a => DList a -> a # minimum :: Ord a => DList a -> a # sum :: Num a => DList a -> a # product :: Num a => DList a -> a #
Alternative DList # |
Methods empty :: DList a # (<|>) :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a # some :: DList a -> DList [a] # many :: DList a -> DList [a] #
MonadPlus DList # |
Methods mzero :: DList a # mplus :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a #
IsList (DList a) # |
Associated Types type Item (DList a) :: * # Methods fromList :: [Item (DList a)] -> DList a # fromListN :: Int -> [Item (DList a)] -> DList a # toList :: DList a -> [Item (DList a)] #
Eq a => Eq (DList a) # |
Methods (==) :: DList a -> DList a -> Bool # (/=) :: DList a -> DList a -> Bool #
Ord a => Ord (DList a) # |
Methods compare :: DList a -> DList a -> Ordering # (<) :: DList a -> DList a -> Bool # (<=) :: DList a -> DList a -> Bool # (>) :: DList a -> DList a -> Bool # (>=) :: DList a -> DList a -> Bool # max :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a # min :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a #
Read a => Read (DList a) # |
Methods readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (DList a) # readList :: ReadS [DList a] # readPrec :: ReadPrec (DList a) # readListPrec :: ReadPrec [DList a] #
Show a => Show (DList a) # |
Methods showsPrec :: Int -> DList a -> ShowS # show :: DList a -> String # showList :: [DList a] -> ShowS #
(~) * a Char => IsString (DList a) # |
Methods fromString :: String -> DList a #
Semigroup (DList a) # |
Methods (<>) :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a # sconcat :: NonEmpty (DList a) -> DList a # stimes :: Integral b => b -> DList a -> DList a #
Monoid (DList a) # |
Methods mempty :: DList a # mappend :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a # mconcat :: [DList a] -> DList a #
NFData a => NFData (DList a) # |
Methods rnf :: DList a -> () #
type Item (DList a) # |
type Item (DList a) = a

# Construction

fromList :: [a] -> DList a #

Convert a list to a dlist

toList :: DList a -> [a] #

Convert a dlist to a list

apply :: DList a -> [a] -> [a] #

Apply a dlist to a list to get the underlying list with an extension

    apply (fromList xs) ys = xs ++ ys

# Basic functions

empty :: DList a #

Create a dlist containing no elements

singleton :: a -> DList a #

Create dlist with a single element

cons :: a -> DList a -> DList a infixr 9 #

O(1). Prepend a single element to a dlist

snoc :: DList a -> a -> DList a infixl 9 #

O(1). Append a single element to a dlist

append :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a #

O(1). Append dlists

concat :: [DList a] -> DList a #

O(spine). Concatenate dlists

replicate :: Int -> a -> DList a #

O(n). Create a dlist of the given number of elements

list :: b -> (a -> DList a -> b) -> DList a -> b #

O(n). List elimination for dlists

head :: DList a -> a #

O(n). Return the head of the dlist

tail :: DList a -> DList a #

O(n). Return the tail of the dlist

unfoldr :: (b -> Maybe (a, b)) -> b -> DList a #

O(n). Unfoldr for dlists

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> DList a -> b #

O(n). Foldr over difference lists

map :: (a -> b) -> DList a -> DList b #

O(n). Map over difference lists.