    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- |
    -- Module      :  Distribution.ParseUtils
    -- Copyright   :  (c) The University of Glasgow 2004
    -- License     :  BSD3
    --
    -- Maintainer  :  cabal-devel@haskell.org
    -- Portability :  portable
    --
    -- Utilities for parsing 'PackageDescription' and 'InstalledPackageInfo'.
    --
    -- The @.cabal@ file format is not trivial, especially with the introduction
    -- of configurations and the section syntax that goes with that. This module
    -- has a bunch of parsing functions that is used by the @.cabal@ parser and a
    -- couple others. It has the parsing framework code and also little parsers for
    -- many of the formats we get in various @.cabal@ file fields, like module
    -- names, comma separated lists etc.

    -- This module is meant to be local-only to Distribution...

    {-# OPTIONS_HADDOCK hide #-}
    module Distribution.ParseUtils (
            LineNo, PError(..), PWarning(..), locatedErrorMsg, syntaxError, warning,
            runP, runE, ParseResult(..), catchParseError, parseFail, showPWarning,
            Field(..), fName, lineNo,
            FieldDescr(..), ppField, ppFields, readFields, readFieldsFlat,
            showFields, showSingleNamedField, showSimpleSingleNamedField,
            parseFields, parseFieldsFlat,
            parseFilePathQ, parseTokenQ, parseTokenQ',
            parseModuleNameQ, parseBuildTool, parsePkgconfigDependency,
            parseOptVersion, parsePackageNameQ, parseVersionRangeQ,
            parseTestedWithQ, parseLicenseQ, parseLanguageQ, parseExtensionQ,
            parseSepList, parseCommaList, parseOptCommaList,
            showFilePath, showToken, showTestedWith, showFreeText, parseFreeText,
            field, simpleField, listField, listFieldWithSep, spaceListField,
            commaListField, commaListFieldWithSep, commaNewLineListField,
            optsField, liftField, boolField, parseQuoted, indentWith,

            UnrecFieldParser, warnUnrec, ignoreUnrec,
      ) where

    import Distribution.Compiler
    import Distribution.License
    import Distribution.Version
    import Distribution.Package
    import Distribution.ModuleName
    import qualified Distribution.Compat.MonadFail as Fail
    import Distribution.Compat.ReadP as ReadP hiding (get)
    import Distribution.ReadE
    import Distribution.Text
    import Distribution.Simple.Utils
    import Language.Haskell.Extension

    import Text.PrettyPrint hiding (braces)
    import Data.Char (isSpace, toLower, isAlphaNum, isDigit)
    import Data.Maybe       (fromMaybe)
    import Data.Tree as Tree (Tree(..), flatten)
    import qualified Data.Map as Map
    import Control.Monad (foldM, ap)
    import Control.Applicative as AP (Applicative(..))
    import System.FilePath (normalise)
    import Data.List (sortBy)

    -- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    type LineNo    = Int
    type Separator = ([Doc] -> Doc)

    data PError = AmbiguousParse String LineNo
                | NoParse String LineNo
                | TabsError LineNo
                | FromString String (Maybe LineNo)
            deriving (Eq, Show)

    data PWarning = PWarning String
                  | UTFWarning LineNo String
            deriving (Eq, Show)

    showPWarning :: FilePath -> PWarning -> String
    showPWarning fpath (PWarning msg) =
      normalise fpath ++ ": " ++ msg
    showPWarning fpath (UTFWarning line fname) =
      normalise fpath ++ ":" ++ show line
            ++ ": Invalid UTF-8 text in the '" ++ fname ++ "' field."

    data ParseResult a = ParseFailed PError | ParseOk [PWarning] a
            deriving Show

    instance Functor ParseResult where
            fmap _ (ParseFailed err) = ParseFailed err
            fmap f (ParseOk ws x) = ParseOk ws $ f x

    instance Applicative ParseResult where
            pure = ParseOk []
            (<*>) = ap

    instance Monad ParseResult where
            return = AP.pure
            ParseFailed err >>= _ = ParseFailed err
            ParseOk ws x >>= f = case f x of
                                   ParseFailed err -> ParseFailed err
                                   ParseOk ws' x' -> ParseOk (ws'++ws) x'
            fail = Fail.fail

    instance Fail.MonadFail ParseResult where
            fail s = ParseFailed (FromString s Nothing)

    catchParseError :: ParseResult a -> (PError -> ParseResult a)
                    -> ParseResult a
    p@(ParseOk _ _) `catchParseError` _ = p
    ParseFailed e `catchParseError` k   = k e

    parseFail :: PError -> ParseResult a
    parseFail = ParseFailed

    runP :: LineNo -> String -> ReadP a a -> String -> ParseResult a
    runP line fieldname p s =
      case [ x | (x,"") <- results ] of
        [a] -> ParseOk (utf8Warnings line fieldname s) a
        --TODO: what is this double parse thing all about?
        --      Can't we just do the all isSpace test the first time?
        []  -> case [ x | (x,ys) <- results, all isSpace ys ] of
                 [a] -> ParseOk (utf8Warnings line fieldname s) a
                 []  -> ParseFailed (NoParse fieldname line)
                 _   -> ParseFailed (AmbiguousParse fieldname line)
        _   -> ParseFailed (AmbiguousParse fieldname line)
      where results = readP_to_S p s

    runE :: LineNo -> String -> ReadE a -> String -> ParseResult a
    runE line fieldname p s =
        case runReadE p s of
          Right a -> ParseOk (utf8Warnings line fieldname s) a
          Left  e -> syntaxError line $
            "Parse of field '" ++ fieldname ++ "' failed (" ++ e ++ "): " ++ s

    utf8Warnings :: LineNo -> String -> String -> [PWarning]
    utf8Warnings line fieldname s =
      take 1 [ UTFWarning n fieldname
             | (n,l) <- zip [line..] (lines s)
             , '\xfffd' `elem` l ]

    locatedErrorMsg :: PError -> (Maybe LineNo, String)
    locatedErrorMsg (AmbiguousParse f n) = (Just n,
                                            "Ambiguous parse in field '"++f++"'.")
    locatedErrorMsg (NoParse f n)        = (Just n,
                                            "Parse of field '"++f++"' failed.")
    locatedErrorMsg (TabsError n)        = (Just n, "Tab used as indentation.")
    locatedErrorMsg (FromString s n)     = (n, s)

    syntaxError :: LineNo -> String -> ParseResult a
    syntaxError n s = ParseFailed $ FromString s (Just n)

    tabsError :: LineNo -> ParseResult a
    tabsError ln = ParseFailed $ TabsError ln

    warning :: String -> ParseResult ()
    warning s = ParseOk [PWarning s] ()

    -- | Field descriptor.  The parameter @a@ parameterizes over where the field's
    --   value is stored in.
    data FieldDescr a
      = FieldDescr
          { fieldName     :: String
          , fieldGet      :: a -> Doc
          , fieldSet      :: LineNo -> String -> a -> ParseResult a
            -- ^ @fieldSet n str x@ Parses the field value from the given input
            -- string @str@ and stores the result in @x@ if the parse was
            -- successful.  Otherwise, reports an error on line number @n@.
          }

    field :: String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP a a -> FieldDescr a
    field name showF readF =
      FieldDescr name showF (\line val _st -> runP line name readF val)

    -- Lift a field descriptor storing into an 'a' to a field descriptor storing
    -- into a 'b'.
    liftField :: (b -> a) -> (a -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr a -> FieldDescr b
    liftField get set (FieldDescr name showF parseF)
     = FieldDescr name (showF . get)
            (\line str b -> do
                a <- parseF line str (get b)
                return (set a b))

    -- Parser combinator for simple fields.  Takes a field name, a pretty printer,
    -- a parser function, an accessor, and a setter, returns a FieldDescr over the
    -- compoid structure.
    simpleField :: String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP a a
                -> (b -> a) -> (a -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    simpleField name showF readF get set
      = liftField get set $ field name showF readF

    commaListFieldWithSep :: Separator -> String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP [a] a
                          -> (b -> [a]) -> ([a] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    commaListFieldWithSep separator name showF readF get set =
       liftField get set' $
         field name showF' (parseCommaList readF)
       where
         set' xs b = set (get b ++ xs) b
         showF'    = separator . punctuate comma . map showF

    commaListField :: String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP [a] a
                     -> (b -> [a]) -> ([a] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    commaListField = commaListFieldWithSep fsep

    commaNewLineListField :: String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP [a] a
                     -> (b -> [a]) -> ([a] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    commaNewLineListField = commaListFieldWithSep sep

    spaceListField :: String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP [a] a
                     -> (b -> [a]) -> ([a] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    spaceListField name showF readF get set =
      liftField get set' $
        field name showF' (parseSpaceList readF)
      where
        set' xs b = set (get b ++ xs) b
        showF'    = fsep . map showF

    listFieldWithSep :: Separator -> String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP [a] a
                     -> (b -> [a]) -> ([a] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    listFieldWithSep separator name showF readF get set =
      liftField get set' $
        field name showF' (parseOptCommaList readF)
      where
        set' xs b = set (get b ++ xs) b
        showF'    = separator . map showF

    listField :: String -> (a -> Doc) -> ReadP [a] a
              -> (b -> [a]) -> ([a] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    listField = listFieldWithSep fsep

    optsField :: String -> CompilerFlavor -> (b -> [(CompilerFlavor,[String])])
                 -> ([(CompilerFlavor,[String])] -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    optsField name flavor get set =
       liftField (fromMaybe [] . lookup flavor . get)
                 (\opts b -> set (reorder (update flavor opts (get b))) b) $
            field name showF (sepBy parseTokenQ' (munch1 isSpace))
      where
            update _ opts l | all null opts = l  --empty opts as if no opts
            update f opts [] = [(f,opts)]
            update f opts ((f',opts'):rest)
               | f == f'   = (f, opts' ++ opts) : rest
               | otherwise = (f',opts') : update f opts rest
            reorder = sortBy (comparing fst)
            showF   = hsep . map text

    -- TODO: this is a bit smelly hack. It's because we want to parse bool fields
    --       liberally but not accept new parses. We cannot do that with ReadP
    --       because it does not support warnings. We need a new parser framework!
    boolField :: String -> (b -> Bool) -> (Bool -> b -> b) -> FieldDescr b
    boolField name get set = liftField get set (FieldDescr name showF readF)
      where
        showF = text . show
        readF line str _
          |  str == "True"  = ParseOk [] True
          |  str == "False" = ParseOk [] False
          | lstr == "true"  = ParseOk [caseWarning] True
          | lstr == "false" = ParseOk [caseWarning] False
          | otherwise       = ParseFailed (NoParse name line)
          where
            lstr = lowercase str
            caseWarning = PWarning $
              "The '" ++ name ++ "' field is case sensitive, use 'True' or 'False'."

    ppFields :: [FieldDescr a] -> a -> Doc
    ppFields fields x =
       vcat [ ppField name (getter x) | FieldDescr name getter _ <- fields ]

    ppField :: String -> Doc -> Doc
    ppField name fielddoc
       | isEmpty fielddoc         = empty
       | name `elem` nestedFields = text name <> colon $+$ nest indentWith fielddoc
       | otherwise                = text name <> colon <+> fielddoc
       where
          nestedFields =
             [ "description"
             , "build-depends"
             , "data-files"
             , "extra-source-files"
             , "extra-tmp-files"
             , "exposed-modules"
             , "c-sources"
             , "js-sources"
             , "extra-libraries"
             , "includes"
             , "install-includes"
             , "other-modules"
             , "depends"
             ]

    showFields :: [FieldDescr a] -> a -> String
    showFields fields = render . ($+$ text "") . ppFields fields

    showSingleNamedField :: [FieldDescr a] -> String -> Maybe (a -> String)
    showSingleNamedField fields f =
      case [ get | (FieldDescr f' get _) <- fields, f' == f ] of
        []      -> Nothing
        (get:_) -> Just (render . ppField f . get)

    showSimpleSingleNamedField :: [FieldDescr a] -> String -> Maybe (a -> String)
    showSimpleSingleNamedField fields f =
      case [ get | (FieldDescr f' get _) <- fields, f' == f ] of
        []      -> Nothing
        (get:_) -> Just (renderStyle myStyle . get)
     where myStyle = style { mode = LeftMode }

    parseFields :: [FieldDescr a] -> a -> String -> ParseResult a
    parseFields fields initial str =
      readFields str >>= accumFields fields initial

    parseFieldsFlat :: [FieldDescr a] -> a -> String -> ParseResult a
    parseFieldsFlat fields initial str =
      readFieldsFlat str >>= accumFields fields initial

    accumFields :: [FieldDescr a] -> a -> [Field] -> ParseResult a
    accumFields fields = foldM setField
      where
        fieldMap = Map.fromList
          [ (name, f) | f@(FieldDescr name _ _) <- fields ]
        setField accum (F line name value) = case Map.lookup name fieldMap of
          Just (FieldDescr _ _ set) -> set line value accum
          Nothing -> do
            warning ("Unrecognized field " ++ name ++ " on line " ++ show line)
            return accum
        setField accum f = do
          warning ("Unrecognized stanza on line " ++ show (lineNo f))
          return accum

    -- | The type of a function which, given a name-value pair of an
    --   unrecognized field, and the current structure being built,
    --   decides whether to incorporate the unrecognized field
    --   (by returning  Just x, where x is a possibly modified version
    --   of the structure being built), or not (by returning Nothing).
    type UnrecFieldParser a = (String,String) -> a -> Maybe a

    -- | A default unrecognized field parser which simply returns Nothing,
    --   i.e. ignores all unrecognized fields, so warnings will be generated.
    warnUnrec :: UnrecFieldParser a
    warnUnrec _ _ = Nothing

    -- | A default unrecognized field parser which silently (i.e. no
    --   warnings will be generated) ignores unrecognized fields, by
    --   returning the structure being built unmodified.
    ignoreUnrec :: UnrecFieldParser a
    ignoreUnrec _ = Just

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    -- The data type for our three syntactic categories
    data Field
        = F LineNo String String
          -- ^ A regular @<property>: <value>@ field
        | Section LineNo String String [Field]
          -- ^ A section with a name and possible parameter.  The syntactic
          -- structure is:
          --
          -- @
          --   <sectionname> <arg> {
          --     <field>*
          --   }
          -- @
        | IfBlock LineNo String [Field] [Field]
          -- ^ A conditional block with an optional else branch:
          --
          -- @
          --  if <condition> {
          --    <field>*
          --  } else {
          --    <field>*
          --  }
          -- @
          deriving (Show
                   ,Eq)   -- for testing

    lineNo :: Field -> LineNo
    lineNo (F n _ _) = n
    lineNo (Section n _ _ _) = n
    lineNo (IfBlock n _ _ _) = n

    fName :: Field -> String
    fName (F _ n _) = n
    fName (Section _ n _ _) = n
    fName _ = error "fname: not a field or section"

    readFields :: String -> ParseResult [Field]
    readFields input = ifelse
                   =<< mapM (mkField 0)
                   =<< mkTree tokens

      where ls = (lines . normaliseLineEndings) input
            tokens = (concatMap tokeniseLine . trimLines) ls

    readFieldsFlat :: String -> ParseResult [Field]
    readFieldsFlat input = mapM (mkField 0)
                       =<< mkTree tokens
      where ls = (lines . normaliseLineEndings) input
            tokens = (concatMap tokeniseLineFlat . trimLines) ls

    -- attach line number and determine indentation
    trimLines :: [String] -> [(LineNo, Indent, HasTabs, String)]
    trimLines ls = [ (lineno, indent, hastabs, trimTrailing l')
                   | (lineno, l) <- zip [1..] ls
                   , let (sps, l') = span isSpace l
                         indent    = length sps
                         hastabs   = '\t' `elem` sps
                   , validLine l' ]
      where validLine ('-':'-':_) = False      -- Comment
            validLine []          = False      -- blank line
            validLine _           = True

    -- | We parse generically based on indent level and braces '{' '}'. To do that
    -- we split into lines and then '{' '}' tokens and other spans within a line.
    data Token =
           -- | The 'Line' token is for bits that /start/ a line, eg:
           --
           -- > "\n  blah blah { blah"
           --
           -- tokenises to:
           --
           -- > [Line n 2 False "blah blah", OpenBracket, Span n "blah"]
           --
           -- so lines are the only ones that can have nested layout, since they
           -- have a known indentation level.
           --
           -- eg: we can't have this:
           --
           -- > if ... {
           -- > } else
           -- >     other
           --
           -- because other cannot nest under else, since else doesn't start a line
           -- so cannot have nested layout. It'd have to be:
           --
           -- > if ... {
           -- > }
           -- >   else
           -- >     other
           --
           -- but that's not so common, people would normally use layout or
           -- brackets not both in a single @if else@ construct.
           --
           -- > if ... { foo : bar }
           -- > else
           -- >    other
           --
           -- this is OK
           Line LineNo Indent HasTabs String
         | Span LineNo                String  -- ^ span in a line, following brackets
         | OpenBracket LineNo | CloseBracket LineNo

    type Indent = Int
    type HasTabs = Bool

    -- | Tokenise a single line, splitting on '{' '}' and the spans in between.
    -- Also trims leading & trailing space on those spans within the line.
    tokeniseLine :: (LineNo, Indent, HasTabs, String) -> [Token]
    tokeniseLine (n0, i, t, l) = case split n0 l of
                                (Span _ l':ss) -> Line n0 i t l' :ss
                                cs              -> cs
      where split _ "" = []
            split n s  = case span (\c -> c /='}' && c /= '{') s of
              ("", '{' : s') ->             OpenBracket  n : split n s'
              (w , '{' : s') -> mkspan n w (OpenBracket  n : split n s')
              ("", '}' : s') ->             CloseBracket n : split n s'
              (w , '}' : s') -> mkspan n w (CloseBracket n : split n s')
              (w ,        _) -> mkspan n w []

            mkspan n s ss | null s'   =             ss
                          | otherwise = Span n s' : ss
              where s' = trimTrailing (trimLeading s)

    tokeniseLineFlat :: (LineNo, Indent, HasTabs, String) -> [Token]
    tokeniseLineFlat (n0, i, t, l)
      | null l'   = []
      | otherwise = [Line n0 i t l']
      where
        l' = trimTrailing (trimLeading l)

    trimLeading, trimTrailing :: String -> String
    trimLeading  = dropWhile isSpace
    trimTrailing = dropWhileEndLE isSpace

    type SyntaxTree = Tree (LineNo, HasTabs, String)

    -- | Parse the stream of tokens into a tree of them, based on indent \/ layout
    mkTree :: [Token] -> ParseResult [SyntaxTree]
    mkTree toks =
      layout 0 [] toks >>= \(trees, trailing) -> case trailing of
        []               -> return trees
        OpenBracket  n:_ -> syntaxError n "mismatched brackets, unexpected {"
        CloseBracket n:_ -> syntaxError n "mismatched brackets, unexpected }"
        -- the following two should never happen:
        Span n     l  :_ -> syntaxError n $ "unexpected span: " ++ show l
        Line n _ _ l  :_ -> syntaxError n $ "unexpected line: " ++ show l

    -- | Parse the stream of tokens into a tree of them, based on indent
    -- This parse state expect to be in a layout context, though possibly
    -- nested within a braces context so we may still encounter closing braces.
    layout :: Indent       -- ^ indent level of the parent\/previous line
           -> [SyntaxTree] -- ^ accumulating param, trees in this level
           -> [Token]      -- ^ remaining tokens
           -> ParseResult ([SyntaxTree], [Token])
                           -- ^ collected trees on this level and trailing tokens
    layout _ a []                               = return (reverse a, [])
    layout i a (s@(Line _ i' _ _):ss) | i' < i  = return (reverse a, s:ss)
    layout i a (Line n _ t l:OpenBracket n':ss) = do
        (sub, ss') <- braces n' [] ss
        layout i (Node (n,t,l) sub:a) ss'

    layout i a (Span n     l:OpenBracket n':ss) = do
        (sub, ss') <- braces n' [] ss
        layout i (Node (n,False,l) sub:a) ss'

    -- look ahead to see if following lines are more indented, giving a sub-tree
    layout i a (Line n i' t l:ss) = do
        lookahead <- layout (i'+1) [] ss
        case lookahead of
            ([], _)   -> layout i (Node (n,t,l) [] :a) ss
            (ts, ss') -> layout i (Node (n,t,l) ts :a) ss'

    layout _ _ (   OpenBracket  n :_)  = syntaxError n "unexpected '{'"
    layout _ a (s@(CloseBracket _):ss) = return (reverse a, s:ss)
    layout _ _ (   Span n l       : _) = syntaxError n $ "unexpected span: "
                                                      ++ show l

    -- | Parse the stream of tokens into a tree of them, based on explicit braces
    -- This parse state expects to find a closing bracket.
    braces :: LineNo       -- ^ line of the '{', used for error messages
           -> [SyntaxTree] -- ^ accumulating param, trees in this level
           -> [Token]      -- ^ remaining tokens
           -> ParseResult ([SyntaxTree],[Token])
                           -- ^ collected trees on this level and trailing tokens
    braces m a (Line n _ t l:OpenBracket n':ss) = do
        (sub, ss') <- braces n' [] ss
        braces m (Node (n,t,l) sub:a) ss'

    braces m a (Span n     l:OpenBracket n':ss) = do
        (sub, ss') <- braces n' [] ss
        braces m (Node (n,False,l) sub:a) ss'

    braces m a (Line n i t l:ss) = do
        lookahead <- layout (i+1) [] ss
        case lookahead of
            ([], _)   -> braces m (Node (n,t,l) [] :a) ss
            (ts, ss') -> braces m (Node (n,t,l) ts :a) ss'

    braces m a (Span n       l:ss) = braces m (Node (n,False,l) []:a) ss
    braces _ a (CloseBracket _:ss) = return (reverse a, ss)
    braces n _ []                  = syntaxError n $ "opening brace '{'"
                                  ++ "has no matching closing brace '}'"
    braces _ _ (OpenBracket  n:_)  = syntaxError n "unexpected '{'"

    -- | Convert the parse tree into the Field AST
    -- Also check for dodgy uses of tabs in indentation.
    mkField :: Int -> SyntaxTree -> ParseResult Field
    mkField d (Node (n,t,_) _) | d >= 1 && t = tabsError n
    mkField d (Node (n,_,l) ts) = case span (\c -> isAlphaNum c || c == '-') l of
      ([], _)       -> syntaxError n $ "unrecognised field or section: " ++ show l
      (name, rest)  -> case trimLeading rest of
        (':':rest') -> do let followingLines = concatMap Tree.flatten ts
                              tabs = not (null [()| (_,True,_) <- followingLines ])
                          if tabs && d >= 1
                            then tabsError n
                            else return $ F n (map toLower name)
                                              (fieldValue rest' followingLines)
        rest'       -> do ts' <- mapM (mkField (d+1)) ts
                          return (Section n (map toLower name) rest' ts')
     where    fieldValue firstLine followingLines =
                let firstLine' = trimLeading firstLine
                    followingLines' = map (\(_,_,s) -> stripDot s) followingLines
                    allLines | null firstLine' =              followingLines'
                             | otherwise       = firstLine' : followingLines'
                 in intercalate "\n" allLines
              stripDot "." = ""
              stripDot s   = s

    -- | Convert if/then/else 'Section's to 'IfBlock's
    ifelse :: [Field] -> ParseResult [Field]
    ifelse [] = return []
    ifelse (Section n "if"   cond thenpart
           :Section _ "else" as   elsepart:fs)
           | null cond     = syntaxError n "'if' with missing condition"
           | null thenpart = syntaxError n "'then' branch of 'if' is empty"
           | not (null as) = syntaxError n "'else' takes no arguments"
           | null elsepart = syntaxError n "'else' branch of 'if' is empty"
           | otherwise     = do tp  <- ifelse thenpart
                                ep  <- ifelse elsepart
                                fs' <- ifelse fs
                                return (IfBlock n cond tp ep:fs')
    ifelse (Section n "if"   cond thenpart:fs)
           | null cond     = syntaxError n "'if' with missing condition"
           | null thenpart = syntaxError n "'then' branch of 'if' is empty"
           | otherwise     = do tp  <- ifelse thenpart
                                fs' <- ifelse fs
                                return (IfBlock n cond tp []:fs')
    ifelse (Section n "else" _ _:_) = syntaxError n
                                      "stray 'else' with no preceding 'if'"
    ifelse (Section n s a fs':fs) = do fs''  <- ifelse fs'
                                       fs''' <- ifelse fs
                                       return (Section n s a fs'' : fs''')
    ifelse (f:fs) = do fs' <- ifelse fs
                       return (f : fs')

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    -- |parse a module name
    parseModuleNameQ :: ReadP r ModuleName
    parseModuleNameQ = parseQuoted parse <++ parse

    parseFilePathQ :: ReadP r FilePath
    parseFilePathQ = parseTokenQ
      -- removed until normalise is no longer broken, was:
      --   liftM normalise parseTokenQ

    betweenSpaces :: ReadP r a -> ReadP r a
    betweenSpaces act = do skipSpaces
                           res <- act
                           skipSpaces
                           return res

    parseBuildTool :: ReadP r Dependency
    parseBuildTool = do name <- parseBuildToolNameQ
                        ver <- betweenSpaces $
                               parseVersionRangeQ <++ return anyVersion
                        return $ Dependency name ver

    parseBuildToolNameQ :: ReadP r PackageName
    parseBuildToolNameQ = parseQuoted parseBuildToolName <++ parseBuildToolName

    -- like parsePackageName but accepts symbols in components
    parseBuildToolName :: ReadP r PackageName
    parseBuildToolName = do ns <- sepBy1 component (ReadP.char '-')
                            return (PackageName (intercalate "-" ns))
      where component = do
              cs <- munch1 (\c -> isAlphaNum c || c == '+' || c == '_')
              if all isDigit cs then pfail else return cs

    -- pkg-config allows versions and other letters in package names,
    -- eg "gtk+-2.0" is a valid pkg-config package _name_.
    -- It then has a package version number like 2.10.13
    parsePkgconfigDependency :: ReadP r Dependency
    parsePkgconfigDependency = do name <- munch1
                                          (\c -> isAlphaNum c || c `elem` "+-._")
                                  ver <- betweenSpaces $
                                         parseVersionRangeQ <++ return anyVersion
                                  return $ Dependency (PackageName name) ver

    parsePackageNameQ :: ReadP r PackageName
    parsePackageNameQ = parseQuoted parse <++ parse

    parseVersionRangeQ :: ReadP r VersionRange
    parseVersionRangeQ = parseQuoted parse <++ parse

    parseOptVersion :: ReadP r Version
    parseOptVersion = parseQuoted ver <++ ver
      where ver :: ReadP r Version
            ver = parse <++ return (Version [] [])

    parseTestedWithQ :: ReadP r (CompilerFlavor,VersionRange)
    parseTestedWithQ = parseQuoted tw <++ tw
      where
        tw :: ReadP r (CompilerFlavor,VersionRange)
        tw = do compiler <- parseCompilerFlavorCompat
                version <- betweenSpaces $ parse <++ return anyVersion
                return (compiler,version)

    parseLicenseQ :: ReadP r License
    parseLicenseQ = parseQuoted parse <++ parse

    -- urgh, we can't define optQuotes :: ReadP r a -> ReadP r a
    -- because the "compat" version of ReadP isn't quite powerful enough.  In
    -- particular, the type of <++ is ReadP r r -> ReadP r a -> ReadP r a
    -- Hence the trick above to make 'lic' polymorphic.

    parseLanguageQ :: ReadP r Language
    parseLanguageQ = parseQuoted parse <++ parse

    parseExtensionQ :: ReadP r Extension
    parseExtensionQ = parseQuoted parse <++ parse

    parseHaskellString :: ReadP r String
    parseHaskellString = readS_to_P reads

    parseTokenQ :: ReadP r String
    parseTokenQ = parseHaskellString <++ munch1 (\x -> not (isSpace x) && x /= ',')

    parseTokenQ' :: ReadP r String
    parseTokenQ' = parseHaskellString <++ munch1 (not . isSpace)

    parseSepList :: ReadP r b
                 -> ReadP r a -- ^The parser for the stuff between commas
                 -> ReadP r [a]
    parseSepList sepr p = sepBy p separator
        where separator = betweenSpaces sepr

    parseSpaceList :: ReadP r a -- ^The parser for the stuff between commas
                   -> ReadP r [a]
    parseSpaceList p = sepBy p skipSpaces

    parseCommaList :: ReadP r a -- ^The parser for the stuff between commas
                   -> ReadP r [a]
    parseCommaList = parseSepList (ReadP.char ',')

    parseOptCommaList :: ReadP r a -- ^The parser for the stuff between commas
                      -> ReadP r [a]
    parseOptCommaList = parseSepList (optional (ReadP.char ','))

    parseQuoted :: ReadP r a -> ReadP r a
    parseQuoted = between (ReadP.char '"') (ReadP.char '"')

    parseFreeText :: ReadP.ReadP s String
    parseFreeText = ReadP.munch (const True)

    -- --------------------------------------------
    -- ** Pretty printing

    showFilePath :: FilePath -> Doc
    showFilePath "" = empty
    showFilePath x  = showToken x

    showToken :: String -> Doc
    showToken str
     | not (any dodgy str) &&
       not (null str)       = text str
     | otherwise            = text (show str)
      where dodgy c = isSpace c || c == ','

    showTestedWith :: (CompilerFlavor,VersionRange) -> Doc
    showTestedWith (compiler, version) = text (show compiler) <+> disp version

    -- | Pretty-print free-format text, ensuring that it is vertically aligned,
    -- and with blank lines replaced by dots for correct re-parsing.
    showFreeText :: String -> Doc
    showFreeText "" = empty
    showFreeText s  = vcat [text (if null l then "." else l) | l <- lines_ s]

    -- | 'lines_' breaks a string up into a list of strings at newline
    -- characters.  The resulting strings do not contain newlines.
    lines_                   :: String -> [String]
    lines_ []                =  [""]
    lines_ s                 =  let (l, s') = break (== '\n') s
                                in  l : case s' of
                                            []    -> []
                                            (_:s'') -> lines_ s''

    -- | the indentation used for pretty printing
    indentWith :: Int
    indentWith = 4