    {-
    (c) The University of Glasgow, 1992-2006

    Here we collect a variety of helper functions that construct or
    analyse HsSyn.  All these functions deal with generic HsSyn; functions
    which deal with the instantiated versions are located elsewhere:

       Parameterised by     Module
       ----------------     -------------
       RdrName              parser/RdrHsSyn
       Name                 rename/RnHsSyn
       Id                   typecheck/TcHsSyn
    -}

    {-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}

    module HsUtils(
      -- Terms
      mkHsPar, mkHsApp, mkHsAppType, mkHsAppTypeOut, mkHsConApp, mkSimpleHsAlt,
      mkSimpleMatch, unguardedGRHSs, unguardedRHS,
      mkMatchGroup, mkMatchGroupName, mkMatch, mkHsLam, mkHsIf,
      mkHsWrap, mkLHsWrap, mkHsWrapCo, mkHsWrapCoR, mkLHsWrapCo,
      mkHsDictLet, mkHsLams,
      mkHsOpApp, mkHsDo, mkHsComp, mkHsWrapPat, mkHsWrapPatCo,
      mkLHsPar, mkHsCmdWrap, mkLHsCmdWrap,

      nlHsTyApp, nlHsTyApps, nlHsVar, nlHsLit, nlHsApp, nlHsApps, nlHsSyntaxApps,
      nlHsIntLit, nlHsVarApps,
      nlHsDo, nlHsOpApp, nlHsLam, nlHsPar, nlHsIf, nlHsCase, nlList,
      mkLHsTupleExpr, mkLHsVarTuple, missingTupArg,
      typeToLHsType,

      -- * Constructing general big tuples
      -- $big_tuples
      mkChunkified, chunkify,

      -- Bindings
      mkFunBind, mkVarBind, mkHsVarBind, mk_easy_FunBind, mkTopFunBind,
      mkPatSynBind,
      isInfixFunBind,

      -- Literals
      mkHsIntegral, mkHsFractional, mkHsIsString, mkHsString, mkHsStringPrimLit,

      -- Patterns
      mkNPat, mkNPlusKPat, nlVarPat, nlLitPat, nlConVarPat, nlConVarPatName, nlConPat,
      nlConPatName, nlInfixConPat, nlNullaryConPat, nlWildConPat, nlWildPat,
      nlWildPatName, nlWildPatId, nlTuplePat, mkParPat,
      mkBigLHsVarTup, mkBigLHsTup, mkBigLHsVarPatTup, mkBigLHsPatTup,

      -- Types
      mkHsAppTy, mkHsAppTys, userHsTyVarBndrs, userHsLTyVarBndrs,
      mkLHsSigType, mkLHsSigWcType, mkClassOpSigs, mkHsSigEnv,
      nlHsAppTy, nlHsTyVar, nlHsFunTy, nlHsTyConApp,

      -- Stmts
      mkTransformStmt, mkTransformByStmt, mkBodyStmt, mkBindStmt, mkTcBindStmt,
      mkLastStmt,
      emptyTransStmt, mkGroupUsingStmt, mkGroupByUsingStmt,
      emptyRecStmt, emptyRecStmtName, emptyRecStmtId, mkRecStmt,

      -- Template Haskell
      mkHsSpliceTy, mkHsSpliceE, mkHsSpliceTE, mkUntypedSplice,
      mkHsQuasiQuote, unqualQuasiQuote,

      -- Flags
      noRebindableInfo,

      -- Collecting binders
      collectLocalBinders, collectHsValBinders, collectHsBindListBinders,
      collectHsIdBinders,
      collectHsBindsBinders, collectHsBindBinders, collectMethodBinders,
      collectPatBinders, collectPatsBinders,
      collectLStmtsBinders, collectStmtsBinders,
      collectLStmtBinders, collectStmtBinders,

      hsLTyClDeclBinders, hsTyClForeignBinders, hsPatSynBinders,
      hsForeignDeclsBinders, hsGroupBinders, hsDataFamInstBinders,

      -- Collecting implicit binders
      lStmtsImplicits, hsValBindsImplicits, lPatImplicits
      ) where

    #include "HsVersions.h"

    import HsDecls
    import HsBinds
    import HsExpr
    import HsPat
    import HsTypes
    import HsLit
    import PlaceHolder

    import TcEvidence
    import RdrName
    import Var
    import TyCoRep
    import Type   ( filterOutInvisibleTypes )
    import TysWiredIn ( unitTy )
    import TcType
    import DataCon
    import Name
    import NameSet
    import NameEnv
    import BasicTypes
    import SrcLoc
    import FastString
    import Util
    import Bag
    import Outputable
    import Constants

    import Data.Either
    import Data.Function
    import Data.List

    #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ < 709
    import Data.Foldable ( foldMap )
    import Data.Monoid ( mempty, mappend )
    #endif

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
            Some useful helpers for constructing syntax
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************

    These functions attempt to construct a not-completely-useless SrcSpan
    from their components, compared with the nl* functions below which
    just attach noSrcSpan to everything.
    -}

    mkHsPar :: LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    mkHsPar e = L (getLoc e) (HsPar e)

    mkSimpleMatch :: [LPat id] -> Located (body id) -> LMatch id (Located (body id))
    mkSimpleMatch pats rhs
      = L loc $
        Match NonFunBindMatch pats Nothing (unguardedGRHSs rhs)
      where
        loc = case pats of
                    []      -> getLoc rhs
                    (pat:_) -> combineSrcSpans (getLoc pat) (getLoc rhs)

    unguardedGRHSs :: Located (body id) -> GRHSs id (Located (body id))
    unguardedGRHSs rhs@(L loc _)
      = GRHSs (unguardedRHS loc rhs) (noLoc emptyLocalBinds)

    unguardedRHS :: SrcSpan -> Located (body id) -> [LGRHS id (Located (body id))]
    unguardedRHS loc rhs = [L loc (GRHS [] rhs)]

    mkMatchGroup :: Origin -> [LMatch RdrName (Located (body RdrName))]
                 -> MatchGroup RdrName (Located (body RdrName))
    mkMatchGroup origin matches = MG { mg_alts = mkLocatedList matches
                                     , mg_arg_tys = []
                                     , mg_res_ty = placeHolderType
                                     , mg_origin = origin }

    mkLocatedList ::  [Located a] -> Located [Located a]
    mkLocatedList [] = noLoc []
    mkLocatedList ms = L (combineLocs (head ms) (last ms)) ms

    mkMatchGroupName :: Origin -> [LMatch Name (Located (body Name))]
                 -> MatchGroup Name (Located (body Name))
    mkMatchGroupName origin matches = MG { mg_alts = mkLocatedList matches
                                         , mg_arg_tys = []
                                         , mg_res_ty = placeHolderType
                                         , mg_origin = origin }

    mkHsApp :: LHsExpr name -> LHsExpr name -> LHsExpr name
    mkHsApp e1 e2 = addCLoc e1 e2 (HsApp e1 e2)

    mkHsAppType :: LHsExpr name -> LHsWcType name -> LHsExpr name
    mkHsAppType e t = addCLoc e (hswc_body t) (HsAppType e t)

    mkHsAppTypeOut :: LHsExpr Id -> LHsWcType Name -> LHsExpr Id
    mkHsAppTypeOut e t = addCLoc e (hswc_body t) (HsAppTypeOut e t)

    mkHsLam :: [LPat RdrName] -> LHsExpr RdrName -> LHsExpr RdrName
    mkHsLam pats body = mkHsPar (L (getLoc body) (HsLam matches))
            where
              matches = mkMatchGroup Generated [mkSimpleMatch pats body]

    mkHsLams :: [TyVar] -> [EvVar] -> LHsExpr Id -> LHsExpr Id
    mkHsLams tyvars dicts expr = mkLHsWrap (mkWpTyLams tyvars
                                           <.> mkWpLams dicts) expr

    mkHsConApp :: DataCon -> [Type] -> [HsExpr Id] -> LHsExpr Id
    -- Used for constructing dictionary terms etc, so no locations
    mkHsConApp data_con tys args
      = foldl mk_app (nlHsTyApp (dataConWrapId data_con) tys) args
      where
        mk_app f a = noLoc (HsApp f (noLoc a))

    mkSimpleHsAlt :: LPat id -> (Located (body id)) -> LMatch id (Located (body id))
    -- A simple lambda with a single pattern, no binds, no guards; pre-typechecking
    mkSimpleHsAlt pat expr
      = mkSimpleMatch [pat] expr

    nlHsTyApp :: name -> [Type] -> LHsExpr name
    nlHsTyApp fun_id tys = noLoc (HsWrap (mkWpTyApps tys) (HsVar (noLoc fun_id)))

    nlHsTyApps :: name -> [Type] -> [LHsExpr name] -> LHsExpr name
    nlHsTyApps fun_id tys xs = foldl nlHsApp (nlHsTyApp fun_id tys) xs

    --------- Adding parens ---------
    mkLHsPar :: LHsExpr name -> LHsExpr name
    -- Wrap in parens if hsExprNeedsParens says it needs them
    -- So   'f x'  becomes '(f x)', but '3' stays as '3'
    mkLHsPar le@(L loc e) | hsExprNeedsParens e = L loc (HsPar le)
                          | otherwise           = le

    mkParPat :: LPat name -> LPat name
    mkParPat lp@(L loc p) | hsPatNeedsParens p = L loc (ParPat lp)
                          | otherwise          = lp

    -------------------------------
    -- These are the bits of syntax that contain rebindable names
    -- See RnEnv.lookupSyntaxName

    mkHsIntegral   :: String -> Integer -> PostTc RdrName Type -> HsOverLit RdrName
    mkHsFractional :: FractionalLit -> PostTc RdrName Type -> HsOverLit RdrName
    mkHsIsString :: String -> FastString -> PostTc RdrName Type -> HsOverLit RdrName
    mkHsDo         :: HsStmtContext Name -> [ExprLStmt RdrName] -> HsExpr RdrName
    mkHsComp       :: HsStmtContext Name -> [ExprLStmt RdrName] -> LHsExpr RdrName
                   -> HsExpr RdrName

    mkNPat      :: Located (HsOverLit RdrName) -> Maybe (SyntaxExpr RdrName) -> Pat RdrName
    mkNPlusKPat :: Located RdrName -> Located (HsOverLit RdrName) -> Pat RdrName

    mkLastStmt :: Located (bodyR idR) -> StmtLR idL idR (Located (bodyR idR))
    mkBodyStmt :: Located (bodyR RdrName)
               -> StmtLR idL RdrName (Located (bodyR RdrName))
    mkBindStmt :: (PostTc idR Type ~ PlaceHolder)
               => LPat idL -> Located (bodyR idR)
               -> StmtLR idL idR (Located (bodyR idR))
    mkTcBindStmt :: LPat Id -> Located (bodyR Id) -> StmtLR Id Id (Located (bodyR Id))

    emptyRecStmt     :: StmtLR idL  RdrName bodyR
    emptyRecStmtName :: StmtLR Name Name    bodyR
    emptyRecStmtId   :: StmtLR Id   Id      bodyR
    mkRecStmt    :: [LStmtLR idL RdrName bodyR] -> StmtLR idL RdrName bodyR

    mkHsIntegral src i  = OverLit (HsIntegral   src i) noRebindableInfo noExpr
    mkHsFractional   f  = OverLit (HsFractional     f) noRebindableInfo noExpr
    mkHsIsString src s  = OverLit (HsIsString   src s) noRebindableInfo noExpr

    noRebindableInfo :: PlaceHolder
    noRebindableInfo = PlaceHolder -- Just another placeholder;

    mkHsDo ctxt stmts = HsDo ctxt (mkLocatedList stmts) placeHolderType
    mkHsComp ctxt stmts expr = mkHsDo ctxt (stmts ++ [last_stmt])
      where
        last_stmt = L (getLoc expr) $ mkLastStmt expr

    mkHsIf :: LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id -> HsExpr id
    mkHsIf c a b = HsIf (Just noSyntaxExpr) c a b

    mkNPat lit neg     = NPat lit neg noSyntaxExpr placeHolderType
    mkNPlusKPat id lit = NPlusKPat id lit (unLoc lit) noSyntaxExpr noSyntaxExpr placeHolderType

    mkTransformStmt    :: (PostTc idR Type ~ PlaceHolder)
                       => [ExprLStmt idL] -> LHsExpr idR
                       -> StmtLR idL idR (LHsExpr idL)
    mkTransformByStmt  :: (PostTc idR Type ~ PlaceHolder)
                       => [ExprLStmt idL] -> LHsExpr idR -> LHsExpr idR
                       -> StmtLR idL idR (LHsExpr idL)
    mkGroupUsingStmt   :: (PostTc idR Type ~ PlaceHolder)
                       => [ExprLStmt idL]                -> LHsExpr idR
                       -> StmtLR idL idR (LHsExpr idL)
    mkGroupByUsingStmt :: (PostTc idR Type ~ PlaceHolder)
                       => [ExprLStmt idL] -> LHsExpr idR -> LHsExpr idR
                       -> StmtLR idL idR (LHsExpr idL)

    emptyTransStmt :: (PostTc idR Type ~ PlaceHolder) => StmtLR idL idR (LHsExpr idR)
    emptyTransStmt = TransStmt { trS_form = panic "emptyTransStmt: form"
                               , trS_stmts = [], trS_bndrs = []
                               , trS_by = Nothing, trS_using = noLoc noExpr
                               , trS_ret = noSyntaxExpr, trS_bind = noSyntaxExpr
                               , trS_bind_arg_ty = PlaceHolder
                               , trS_fmap = noExpr }
    mkTransformStmt    ss u   = emptyTransStmt { trS_form = ThenForm,  trS_stmts = ss, trS_using = u }
    mkTransformByStmt  ss u b = emptyTransStmt { trS_form = ThenForm,  trS_stmts = ss, trS_using = u, trS_by = Just b }
    mkGroupUsingStmt   ss u   = emptyTransStmt { trS_form = GroupForm, trS_stmts = ss, trS_using = u }
    mkGroupByUsingStmt ss b u = emptyTransStmt { trS_form = GroupForm, trS_stmts = ss, trS_using = u, trS_by = Just b }

    mkLastStmt body     = LastStmt body False noSyntaxExpr
    mkBodyStmt body     = BodyStmt body noSyntaxExpr noSyntaxExpr placeHolderType
    mkBindStmt pat body = BindStmt pat body noSyntaxExpr noSyntaxExpr PlaceHolder
    mkTcBindStmt pat body = BindStmt pat body noSyntaxExpr noSyntaxExpr unitTy
      -- don't use placeHolderTypeTc above, because that panics during zonking

    emptyRecStmt' :: forall idL idR body.
                           PostTc idR Type -> StmtLR idL idR body
    emptyRecStmt' tyVal =
       RecStmt
         { recS_stmts = [], recS_later_ids = []
         , recS_rec_ids = []
         , recS_ret_fn = noSyntaxExpr
         , recS_mfix_fn = noSyntaxExpr
         , recS_bind_fn = noSyntaxExpr, recS_bind_ty = tyVal
         , recS_later_rets = []
         , recS_rec_rets = [], recS_ret_ty = tyVal }

    emptyRecStmt     = emptyRecStmt' placeHolderType
    emptyRecStmtName = emptyRecStmt' placeHolderType
    emptyRecStmtId   = emptyRecStmt' unitTy -- a panic might trigger during zonking
    mkRecStmt stmts  = emptyRecStmt { recS_stmts = stmts }

    -------------------------------
    --- A useful function for building @OpApps@.  The operator is always a
    -- variable, and we don't know the fixity yet.
    mkHsOpApp :: LHsExpr id -> id -> LHsExpr id -> HsExpr id
    mkHsOpApp e1 op e2 = OpApp e1 (noLoc (HsVar (noLoc op)))
                               (error "mkOpApp:fixity") e2

    unqualSplice :: RdrName
    unqualSplice = mkRdrUnqual (mkVarOccFS (fsLit "splice"))

    mkUntypedSplice :: LHsExpr RdrName -> HsSplice RdrName
    mkUntypedSplice e = HsUntypedSplice unqualSplice e

    mkHsSpliceE :: LHsExpr RdrName -> HsExpr RdrName
    mkHsSpliceE e = HsSpliceE (mkUntypedSplice e)

    mkHsSpliceTE :: LHsExpr RdrName -> HsExpr RdrName
    mkHsSpliceTE e = HsSpliceE (HsTypedSplice unqualSplice e)

    mkHsSpliceTy :: LHsExpr RdrName -> HsType RdrName
    mkHsSpliceTy e = HsSpliceTy (HsUntypedSplice unqualSplice e) placeHolderKind

    mkHsQuasiQuote :: RdrName -> SrcSpan -> FastString -> HsSplice RdrName
    mkHsQuasiQuote quoter span quote = HsQuasiQuote unqualSplice quoter span quote

    unqualQuasiQuote :: RdrName
    unqualQuasiQuote = mkRdrUnqual (mkVarOccFS (fsLit "quasiquote"))
                    -- A name (uniquified later) to
                    -- identify the quasi-quote

    mkHsString :: String -> HsLit
    mkHsString s = HsString s (mkFastString s)

    mkHsStringPrimLit :: FastString -> HsLit
    mkHsStringPrimLit fs
      = HsStringPrim (unpackFS fs) (fastStringToByteString fs)

    -------------
    userHsLTyVarBndrs :: SrcSpan -> [Located name] -> [LHsTyVarBndr name]
    -- Caller sets location
    userHsLTyVarBndrs loc bndrs = [ L loc (UserTyVar v) | v <- bndrs ]

    userHsTyVarBndrs :: SrcSpan -> [name] -> [LHsTyVarBndr name]
    -- Caller sets location
    userHsTyVarBndrs loc bndrs = [ L loc (UserTyVar (L loc v)) | v <- bndrs ]

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
            Constructing syntax with no location info
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************
    -}

    nlHsVar :: id -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsVar n = noLoc (HsVar (noLoc n))

    nlHsLit :: HsLit -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsLit n = noLoc (HsLit n)

    nlVarPat :: id -> LPat id
    nlVarPat n = noLoc (VarPat (noLoc n))

    nlLitPat :: HsLit -> LPat id
    nlLitPat l = noLoc (LitPat l)

    nlHsApp :: LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsApp f x = noLoc (HsApp f x)

    nlHsSyntaxApps :: SyntaxExpr id -> [LHsExpr id] -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsSyntaxApps (SyntaxExpr { syn_expr      = fun
                               , syn_arg_wraps = arg_wraps
                               , syn_res_wrap  = res_wrap }) args
      | [] <- arg_wraps   -- in the noSyntaxExpr case
      = ASSERT( isIdHsWrapper res_wrap )
        foldl nlHsApp (noLoc fun) args

      | otherwise
      = mkLHsWrap res_wrap (foldl nlHsApp (noLoc fun) (zipWithEqual "nlHsSyntaxApps"
                                                         mkLHsWrap arg_wraps args))

    nlHsIntLit :: Integer -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsIntLit n = noLoc (HsLit (HsInt (show n) n))

    nlHsApps :: id -> [LHsExpr id] -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsApps f xs = foldl nlHsApp (nlHsVar f) xs

    nlHsVarApps :: id -> [id] -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsVarApps f xs = noLoc (foldl mk (HsVar (noLoc f)) (map (HsVar . noLoc) xs))
                     where
                       mk f a = HsApp (noLoc f) (noLoc a)

    nlConVarPat :: RdrName -> [RdrName] -> LPat RdrName
    nlConVarPat con vars = nlConPat con (map nlVarPat vars)

    nlConVarPatName :: Name -> [Name] -> LPat Name
    nlConVarPatName con vars = nlConPatName con (map nlVarPat vars)

    nlInfixConPat :: id -> LPat id -> LPat id -> LPat id
    nlInfixConPat con l r = noLoc (ConPatIn (noLoc con) (InfixCon l r))

    nlConPat :: RdrName -> [LPat RdrName] -> LPat RdrName
    nlConPat con pats = noLoc (ConPatIn (noLoc con) (PrefixCon pats))

    nlConPatName :: Name -> [LPat Name] -> LPat Name
    nlConPatName con pats = noLoc (ConPatIn (noLoc con) (PrefixCon pats))

    nlNullaryConPat :: id -> LPat id
    nlNullaryConPat con = noLoc (ConPatIn (noLoc con) (PrefixCon []))

    nlWildConPat :: DataCon -> LPat RdrName
    nlWildConPat con = noLoc (ConPatIn (noLoc (getRdrName con))
                             (PrefixCon (nOfThem (dataConSourceArity con)
                                                 nlWildPat)))

    nlWildPat :: LPat RdrName
    nlWildPat  = noLoc (WildPat placeHolderType )  -- Pre-typechecking

    nlWildPatName :: LPat Name
    nlWildPatName  = noLoc (WildPat placeHolderType )  -- Pre-typechecking

    nlWildPatId :: LPat Id
    nlWildPatId  = noLoc (WildPat placeHolderTypeTc )  -- Post-typechecking

    nlHsDo :: HsStmtContext Name -> [LStmt RdrName (LHsExpr RdrName)]
           -> LHsExpr RdrName
    nlHsDo ctxt stmts = noLoc (mkHsDo ctxt stmts)

    nlHsOpApp :: LHsExpr id -> id -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsOpApp e1 op e2 = noLoc (mkHsOpApp e1 op e2)

    nlHsLam  :: LMatch RdrName (LHsExpr RdrName) -> LHsExpr RdrName
    nlHsPar  :: LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsIf   :: LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    nlHsCase :: LHsExpr RdrName -> [LMatch RdrName (LHsExpr RdrName)]
             -> LHsExpr RdrName
    nlList   :: [LHsExpr RdrName] -> LHsExpr RdrName

    nlHsLam match          = noLoc (HsLam (mkMatchGroup Generated [match]))
    nlHsPar e              = noLoc (HsPar e)

    -- Note [Rebindable nlHsIf]
    -- nlHsIf should generate if-expressions which are NOT subject to
    -- RebindableSyntax, so the first field of HsIf is Nothing. (#12080)
    nlHsIf cond true false = noLoc (HsIf Nothing cond true false)

    nlHsCase expr matches  = noLoc (HsCase expr (mkMatchGroup Generated matches))
    nlList exprs           = noLoc (ExplicitList placeHolderType Nothing exprs)

    nlHsAppTy :: LHsType name -> LHsType name -> LHsType name
    nlHsTyVar :: name                         -> LHsType name
    nlHsFunTy :: LHsType name -> LHsType name -> LHsType name

    nlHsAppTy f t           = noLoc (HsAppTy f t)
    nlHsTyVar x             = noLoc (HsTyVar (noLoc x))
    nlHsFunTy a b           = noLoc (HsFunTy a b)

    nlHsTyConApp :: name -> [LHsType name] -> LHsType name
    nlHsTyConApp tycon tys  = foldl nlHsAppTy (nlHsTyVar tycon) tys

    {-
    Tuples.  All these functions are *pre-typechecker* because they lack
    types on the tuple.
    -}

    mkLHsTupleExpr :: [LHsExpr a] -> LHsExpr a
    -- Makes a pre-typechecker boxed tuple, deals with 1 case
    mkLHsTupleExpr [e] = e
    mkLHsTupleExpr es  = noLoc $ ExplicitTuple (map (noLoc . Present) es) Boxed

    mkLHsVarTuple :: [a] -> LHsExpr a
    mkLHsVarTuple ids  = mkLHsTupleExpr (map nlHsVar ids)

    nlTuplePat :: [LPat id] -> Boxity -> LPat id
    nlTuplePat pats box = noLoc (TuplePat pats box [])

    missingTupArg :: HsTupArg RdrName
    missingTupArg = Missing placeHolderType

    mkLHsPatTup :: [LPat id] -> LPat id
    mkLHsPatTup []     = noLoc $ TuplePat [] Boxed []
    mkLHsPatTup [lpat] = lpat
    mkLHsPatTup lpats  = L (getLoc (head lpats)) $ TuplePat lpats Boxed []

    -- The Big equivalents for the source tuple expressions
    mkBigLHsVarTup :: [id] -> LHsExpr id
    mkBigLHsVarTup ids = mkBigLHsTup (map nlHsVar ids)

    mkBigLHsTup :: [LHsExpr id] -> LHsExpr id
    mkBigLHsTup = mkChunkified mkLHsTupleExpr

    -- The Big equivalents for the source tuple patterns
    mkBigLHsVarPatTup :: [id] -> LPat id
    mkBigLHsVarPatTup bs = mkBigLHsPatTup (map nlVarPat bs)

    mkBigLHsPatTup :: [LPat id] -> LPat id
    mkBigLHsPatTup = mkChunkified mkLHsPatTup

    -- $big_tuples
    -- #big_tuples#
    --
    -- GHCs built in tuples can only go up to 'mAX_TUPLE_SIZE' in arity, but
    -- we might concievably want to build such a massive tuple as part of the
    -- output of a desugaring stage (notably that for list comprehensions).
    --
    -- We call tuples above this size \"big tuples\", and emulate them by
    -- creating and pattern matching on >nested< tuples that are expressible
    -- by GHC.
    --
    -- Nesting policy: it's better to have a 2-tuple of 10-tuples (3 objects)
    -- than a 10-tuple of 2-tuples (11 objects), so we want the leaves of any
    -- construction to be big.
    --
    -- If you just use the 'mkBigCoreTup', 'mkBigCoreVarTupTy', 'mkTupleSelector'
    -- and 'mkTupleCase' functions to do all your work with tuples you should be
    -- fine, and not have to worry about the arity limitation at all.

    -- | Lifts a \"small\" constructor into a \"big\" constructor by recursive decompositon
    mkChunkified :: ([a] -> a)      -- ^ \"Small\" constructor function, of maximum input arity 'mAX_TUPLE_SIZE'
                 -> [a]             -- ^ Possible \"big\" list of things to construct from
                 -> a               -- ^ Constructed thing made possible by recursive decomposition
    mkChunkified small_tuple as = mk_big_tuple (chunkify as)
      where
            -- Each sub-list is short enough to fit in a tuple
        mk_big_tuple [as] = small_tuple as
        mk_big_tuple as_s = mk_big_tuple (chunkify (map small_tuple as_s))

    chunkify :: [a] -> [[a]]
    -- ^ Split a list into lists that are small enough to have a corresponding
    -- tuple arity. The sub-lists of the result all have length <= 'mAX_TUPLE_SIZE'
    -- But there may be more than 'mAX_TUPLE_SIZE' sub-lists
    chunkify xs
      | n_xs <= mAX_TUPLE_SIZE = [xs]
      | otherwise              = split xs
      where
        n_xs     = length xs
        split [] = []
        split xs = take mAX_TUPLE_SIZE xs : split (drop mAX_TUPLE_SIZE xs)

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
            LHsSigType and LHsSigWcType
    *                                                                      *
    ********************************************************************* -}

    mkLHsSigType :: LHsType RdrName -> LHsSigType RdrName
    mkLHsSigType ty = mkHsImplicitBndrs ty

    mkLHsSigWcType :: LHsType RdrName -> LHsSigWcType RdrName
    mkLHsSigWcType ty = mkHsImplicitBndrs (mkHsWildCardBndrs ty)

    mkHsSigEnv :: forall a. (LSig Name -> Maybe ([Located Name], a))
                         -> [LSig Name]
                         -> NameEnv a
    mkHsSigEnv get_info sigs
      = mkNameEnv          (mk_pairs ordinary_sigs)
       `extendNameEnvList` (mk_pairs gen_dm_sigs)
       -- The subtlety is this: in a class decl with a
       -- default-method signature as well as a method signature
       -- we want the latter to win (Trac #12533)
       --    class C x where
       --       op :: forall a . x a -> x a
       --       default op :: forall b . x b -> x b
       --       op x = ...(e :: b -> b)...
       -- The scoped type variables of the 'default op', namely 'b',
       -- scope over the code for op.   The 'forall a' does not!
       -- This applies both in the renamer and typechecker, both
       -- of which use this function
      where
        (gen_dm_sigs, ordinary_sigs) = partition is_gen_dm_sig sigs
        is_gen_dm_sig (L _ (ClassOpSig True _ _)) = True
        is_gen_dm_sig _                           = False

        mk_pairs :: [LSig Name] -> [(Name, a)]
        mk_pairs sigs = [ (n,a) | Just (ns,a) <- map get_info sigs
                                , L _ n <- ns ]

    mkClassOpSigs :: [LSig RdrName] -> [LSig RdrName]
    -- Convert TypeSig to ClassOpSig
    -- The former is what is parsed, but the latter is
    -- what we need in class/instance declarations
    mkClassOpSigs sigs
      = map fiddle sigs
      where
        fiddle (L loc (TypeSig nms ty)) = L loc (ClassOpSig False nms (dropWildCards ty))
        fiddle sig                      = sig

    typeToLHsType :: Type -> LHsType RdrName
    -- ^ Converting a Type to an HsType RdrName
    -- This is needed to implement GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving.
    --
    -- Note that we use 'getRdrName' extensively, which
    -- generates Exact RdrNames rather than strings.
    typeToLHsType ty
      = go ty
      where
        go :: Type -> LHsType RdrName
        go ty@(ForAllTy (Anon arg) _)
          | isPredTy arg
          , (theta, tau) <- tcSplitPhiTy ty
          = noLoc (HsQualTy { hst_ctxt = noLoc (map go theta)
                            , hst_body = go tau })
        go (ForAllTy (Anon arg) res) = nlHsFunTy (go arg) (go res)
        go ty@(ForAllTy {})
          | (tvs, tau) <- tcSplitForAllTys ty
          = noLoc (HsForAllTy { hst_bndrs = map go_tv tvs
                              , hst_body = go tau })
        go (TyVarTy tv)         = nlHsTyVar (getRdrName tv)
        go (AppTy t1 t2)        = nlHsAppTy (go t1) (go t2)
        go (LitTy (NumTyLit n)) = noLoc $ HsTyLit (HsNumTy "" n)
        go (LitTy (StrTyLit s)) = noLoc $ HsTyLit (HsStrTy "" s)
        go (TyConApp tc args)   = nlHsTyConApp (getRdrName tc) (map go args')
           where
             args' = filterOutInvisibleTypes tc args
        go (CastTy ty _)        = go ty
        go (CoercionTy co)      = pprPanic "toLHsSigWcType" (ppr co)

             -- Source-language types have _invisible_ kind arguments,
             -- so we must remove them here (Trac #8563)

        go_tv :: TyVar -> LHsTyVarBndr RdrName
        go_tv tv = noLoc $ KindedTyVar (noLoc (getRdrName tv))
                                       (go (tyVarKind tv))

    {- *********************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
        --------- HsWrappers: type args, dict args, casts ---------
    *                                                                      *
    ********************************************************************* -}

    mkLHsWrap :: HsWrapper -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    mkLHsWrap co_fn (L loc e) = L loc (mkHsWrap co_fn e)

    mkHsWrap :: HsWrapper -> HsExpr id -> HsExpr id
    mkHsWrap co_fn e | isIdHsWrapper co_fn = e
                     | otherwise           = HsWrap co_fn e

    mkHsWrapCo :: TcCoercionN   -- A Nominal coercion  a ~N b
               -> HsExpr id -> HsExpr id
    mkHsWrapCo co e = mkHsWrap (mkWpCastN co) e

    mkHsWrapCoR :: TcCoercionR   -- A Representational coercion  a ~R b
                -> HsExpr id -> HsExpr id
    mkHsWrapCoR co e = mkHsWrap (mkWpCastR co) e

    mkLHsWrapCo :: TcCoercionN -> LHsExpr id -> LHsExpr id
    mkLHsWrapCo co (L loc e) = L loc (mkHsWrapCo co e)

    mkHsCmdWrap :: HsWrapper -> HsCmd id -> HsCmd id
    mkHsCmdWrap w cmd | isIdHsWrapper w = cmd
                      | otherwise       = HsCmdWrap w cmd

    mkLHsCmdWrap :: HsWrapper -> LHsCmd id -> LHsCmd id
    mkLHsCmdWrap w (L loc c) = L loc (mkHsCmdWrap w c)

    mkHsWrapPat :: HsWrapper -> Pat id -> Type -> Pat id
    mkHsWrapPat co_fn p ty | isIdHsWrapper co_fn = p
                           | otherwise           = CoPat co_fn p ty

    mkHsWrapPatCo :: TcCoercionN -> Pat id -> Type -> Pat id
    mkHsWrapPatCo co pat ty | isTcReflCo co = pat
                            | otherwise     = CoPat (mkWpCastN co) pat ty

    mkHsDictLet :: TcEvBinds -> LHsExpr Id -> LHsExpr Id
    mkHsDictLet ev_binds expr = mkLHsWrap (mkWpLet ev_binds) expr

    {-
    l
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
                    Bindings; with a location at the top
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************
    -}

    mkFunBind :: Located RdrName -> [LMatch RdrName (LHsExpr RdrName)]
              -> HsBind RdrName
    -- Not infix, with place holders for coercion and free vars
    mkFunBind fn ms = FunBind { fun_id = fn
                              , fun_matches = mkMatchGroup Generated ms
                              , fun_co_fn = idHsWrapper
                              , bind_fvs = placeHolderNames
                              , fun_tick = [] }

    mkTopFunBind :: Origin -> Located Name -> [LMatch Name (LHsExpr Name)]
                 -> HsBind Name
    -- In Name-land, with empty bind_fvs
    mkTopFunBind origin fn ms = FunBind { fun_id = fn
                                        , fun_matches = mkMatchGroupName origin ms
                                        , fun_co_fn = idHsWrapper
                                        , bind_fvs = emptyNameSet -- NB: closed
                                                                  --     binding
                                        , fun_tick = [] }

    mkHsVarBind :: SrcSpan -> RdrName -> LHsExpr RdrName -> LHsBind RdrName
    mkHsVarBind loc var rhs = mk_easy_FunBind loc var [] rhs

    mkVarBind :: id -> LHsExpr id -> LHsBind id
    mkVarBind var rhs = L (getLoc rhs) $
                        VarBind { var_id = var, var_rhs = rhs, var_inline = False }

    mkPatSynBind :: Located RdrName -> HsPatSynDetails (Located RdrName)
                 -> LPat RdrName -> HsPatSynDir RdrName -> HsBind RdrName
    mkPatSynBind name details lpat dir = PatSynBind psb
      where
        psb = PSB{ psb_id = name
                 , psb_args = details
                 , psb_def = lpat
                 , psb_dir = dir
                 , psb_fvs = placeHolderNames }

    -- |If any of the matches in the 'FunBind' are infix, the 'FunBind' is
    -- considered infix.
    isInfixFunBind :: HsBindLR id1 id2 -> Bool
    isInfixFunBind (FunBind _ (MG matches _ _ _) _ _ _)
      = any (isInfixMatch . unLoc) (unLoc matches)
    isInfixFunBind _ = False

    ------------
    mk_easy_FunBind :: SrcSpan -> RdrName -> [LPat RdrName]
                    -> LHsExpr RdrName -> LHsBind RdrName
    mk_easy_FunBind loc fun pats expr
      = L loc $ mkFunBind (L loc fun) [mkMatch pats expr (noLoc emptyLocalBinds)]

    ------------
    mkMatch :: [LPat id] -> LHsExpr id -> Located (HsLocalBinds id)
            -> LMatch id (LHsExpr id)
    mkMatch pats expr lbinds
      = noLoc (Match NonFunBindMatch (map paren pats) Nothing
                     (GRHSs (unguardedRHS noSrcSpan expr) lbinds))
      where
        paren lp@(L l p) | hsPatNeedsParens p = L l (ParPat lp)
                         | otherwise          = lp

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
            Collecting binders
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************

    Get all the binders in some HsBindGroups, IN THE ORDER OF APPEARANCE. eg.

    ...
    where
      (x, y) = ...
      f i j  = ...
      [a, b] = ...

    it should return [x, y, f, a, b] (remember, order important).

    Note [Collect binders only after renaming]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    These functions should only be used on HsSyn *after* the renamer,
    to return a [Name] or [Id].  Before renaming the record punning
    and wild-card mechanism makes it hard to know what is bound.
    So these functions should not be applied to (HsSyn RdrName)
    -}

    ----------------- Bindings --------------------------
    collectLocalBinders :: HsLocalBindsLR idL idR -> [idL]
    collectLocalBinders (HsValBinds binds) = collectHsIdBinders binds
                                             -- No pattern synonyms here
    collectLocalBinders (HsIPBinds _)      = []
    collectLocalBinders EmptyLocalBinds    = []

    collectHsIdBinders, collectHsValBinders :: HsValBindsLR idL idR -> [idL]
    -- Collect Id binders only, or Ids + pattern synonmys, respectively
    collectHsIdBinders  = collect_hs_val_binders True
    collectHsValBinders = collect_hs_val_binders False

    collectHsBindBinders :: HsBindLR idL idR -> [idL]
    -- Collect both Ids and pattern-synonym binders
    collectHsBindBinders b = collect_bind False b []

    collectHsBindsBinders :: LHsBindsLR idL idR -> [idL]
    collectHsBindsBinders binds = collect_binds False binds []

    collectHsBindListBinders :: [LHsBindLR idL idR] -> [idL]
    -- Same as collectHsBindsBinders, but works over a list of bindings
    collectHsBindListBinders = foldr (collect_bind False . unLoc) []

    collect_hs_val_binders :: Bool -> HsValBindsLR idL idR -> [idL]
    collect_hs_val_binders ps (ValBindsIn  binds _) = collect_binds     ps binds []
    collect_hs_val_binders ps (ValBindsOut binds _) = collect_out_binds ps binds

    collect_out_binds :: Bool -> [(RecFlag, LHsBinds id)] -> [id]
    collect_out_binds ps = foldr (collect_binds ps . snd) []

    collect_binds :: Bool -> LHsBindsLR idL idR -> [idL] -> [idL]
    -- Collect Ids, or Ids + pattern synonyms, depending on boolean flag
    collect_binds ps binds acc = foldrBag (collect_bind ps . unLoc) acc binds

    collect_bind :: Bool -> HsBindLR idL idR -> [idL] -> [idL]
    collect_bind _ (PatBind { pat_lhs = p })           acc = collect_lpat p acc
    collect_bind _ (FunBind { fun_id = L _ f })        acc = f : acc
    collect_bind _ (VarBind { var_id = f })            acc = f : acc
    collect_bind _ (AbsBinds { abs_exports = dbinds }) acc = map abe_poly dbinds ++ acc
            -- I don't think we want the binders from the abe_binds
            -- The only time we collect binders from a typechecked
            -- binding (hence see AbsBinds) is in zonking in TcHsSyn
    collect_bind _ (AbsBindsSig { abs_sig_export = poly }) acc = poly : acc
    collect_bind omitPatSyn (PatSynBind (PSB { psb_id = L _ ps })) acc =
        if omitPatSyn then acc else ps : acc

    collectMethodBinders :: LHsBindsLR RdrName idR -> [Located RdrName]
    -- Used exclusively for the bindings of an instance decl which are all FunBinds
    collectMethodBinders binds = foldrBag (get . unLoc) [] binds
      where
        get (FunBind { fun_id = f }) fs = f : fs
        get _                        fs = fs
           -- Someone else complains about non-FunBinds

    ----------------- Statements --------------------------
    collectLStmtsBinders :: [LStmtLR idL idR body] -> [idL]
    collectLStmtsBinders = concatMap collectLStmtBinders

    collectStmtsBinders :: [StmtLR idL idR body] -> [idL]
    collectStmtsBinders = concatMap collectStmtBinders

    collectLStmtBinders :: LStmtLR idL idR body -> [idL]
    collectLStmtBinders = collectStmtBinders . unLoc

    collectStmtBinders :: StmtLR idL idR body -> [idL]
      -- Id Binders for a Stmt... [but what about pattern-sig type vars]?
    collectStmtBinders (BindStmt pat _ _ _ _)= collectPatBinders pat
    collectStmtBinders (LetStmt (L _ binds)) = collectLocalBinders binds
    collectStmtBinders (BodyStmt {})         = []
    collectStmtBinders (LastStmt {})         = []
    collectStmtBinders (ParStmt xs _ _ _) = collectLStmtsBinders
                                          $ [s | ParStmtBlock ss _ _ <- xs, s <- ss]
    collectStmtBinders (TransStmt { trS_stmts = stmts }) = collectLStmtsBinders stmts
    collectStmtBinders (RecStmt { recS_stmts = ss })     = collectLStmtsBinders ss
    collectStmtBinders ApplicativeStmt{} = []

    ----------------- Patterns --------------------------
    collectPatBinders :: LPat a -> [a]
    collectPatBinders pat = collect_lpat pat []

    collectPatsBinders :: [LPat a] -> [a]
    collectPatsBinders pats = foldr collect_lpat [] pats

    -------------
    collect_lpat :: LPat name -> [name] -> [name]
    collect_lpat (L _ pat) bndrs
      = go pat
      where
        go (VarPat (L _ var))         = var : bndrs
        go (WildPat _)                = bndrs
        go (LazyPat pat)              = collect_lpat pat bndrs
        go (BangPat pat)              = collect_lpat pat bndrs
        go (AsPat (L _ a) pat)        = a : collect_lpat pat bndrs
        go (ViewPat _ pat _)          = collect_lpat pat bndrs
        go (ParPat  pat)              = collect_lpat pat bndrs

        go (ListPat pats _ _)         = foldr collect_lpat bndrs pats
        go (PArrPat pats _)           = foldr collect_lpat bndrs pats
        go (TuplePat pats _ _)        = foldr collect_lpat bndrs pats

        go (ConPatIn _ ps)            = foldr collect_lpat bndrs (hsConPatArgs ps)
        go (ConPatOut {pat_args=ps})  = foldr collect_lpat bndrs (hsConPatArgs ps)
            -- See Note [Dictionary binders in ConPatOut]
        go (LitPat _)                 = bndrs
        go (NPat {})                  = bndrs
        go (NPlusKPat (L _ n) _ _ _ _ _)= n : bndrs

        go (SigPatIn pat _)           = collect_lpat pat bndrs
        go (SigPatOut pat _)          = collect_lpat pat bndrs
        go (SplicePat _)              = bndrs
        go (CoPat _ pat _)            = go pat

    {-
    Note [Dictionary binders in ConPatOut] See also same Note in DsArrows
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Do *not* gather (a) dictionary and (b) dictionary bindings as binders
    of a ConPatOut pattern.  For most calls it doesn't matter, because
    it's pre-typechecker and there are no ConPatOuts.  But it does matter
    more in the desugarer; for example, DsUtils.mkSelectorBinds uses
    collectPatBinders.  In a lazy pattern, for example f ~(C x y) = ...,
    we want to generate bindings for x,y but not for dictionaries bound by
    C.  (The type checker ensures they would not be used.)

    Desugaring of arrow case expressions needs these bindings (see DsArrows
    and arrowcase1), but SPJ (Jan 2007) says it's safer for it to use its
    own pat-binder-collector:

    Here's the problem.  Consider

    data T a where
       C :: Num a => a -> Int -> T a

    f ~(C (n+1) m) = (n,m)

    Here, the pattern (C (n+1)) binds a hidden dictionary (d::Num a),
    and *also* uses that dictionary to match the (n+1) pattern.  Yet, the
    variables bound by the lazy pattern are n,m, *not* the dictionary d.
    So in mkSelectorBinds in DsUtils, we want just m,n as the variables bound.
    -}

    hsGroupBinders :: HsGroup Name -> [Name]
    hsGroupBinders (HsGroup { hs_valds = val_decls, hs_tyclds = tycl_decls,
                              hs_instds = inst_decls, hs_fords = foreign_decls })
      =  collectHsValBinders val_decls
      ++ hsTyClForeignBinders tycl_decls inst_decls foreign_decls

    hsTyClForeignBinders :: [TyClGroup Name] -> [LInstDecl Name]
                         -> [LForeignDecl Name] -> [Name]
    -- We need to look at instance declarations too,
    -- because their associated types may bind data constructors
    hsTyClForeignBinders tycl_decls inst_decls foreign_decls
      = map unLoc (hsForeignDeclsBinders foreign_decls)
        ++ getSelectorNames (foldMap (foldMap hsLTyClDeclBinders . group_tyclds) tycl_decls
                            `mappend` foldMap hsLInstDeclBinders inst_decls)
      where
        getSelectorNames :: ([Located Name], [LFieldOcc Name]) -> [Name]
        getSelectorNames (ns, fs) = map unLoc ns ++ map (selectorFieldOcc.unLoc) fs

    -------------------
    hsLTyClDeclBinders :: Located (TyClDecl name) -> ([Located name], [LFieldOcc name])
    -- ^ Returns all the /binding/ names of the decl.  The first one is
    -- guaranteed to be the name of the decl. The first component
    -- represents all binding names except record fields; the second
    -- represents field occurrences. For record fields mentioned in
    -- multiple constructors, the SrcLoc will be from the first occurrence.
    --
    -- Each returned (Located name) has a SrcSpan for the /whole/ declaration.
    -- See Note [SrcSpan for binders]

    hsLTyClDeclBinders (L loc (FamDecl { tcdFam = FamilyDecl { fdLName = L _ name } }))
      = ([L loc name], [])
    hsLTyClDeclBinders (L loc (SynDecl     { tcdLName = L _ name })) = ([L loc name], [])
    hsLTyClDeclBinders (L loc (ClassDecl   { tcdLName = L _ cls_name
                                           , tcdSigs = sigs, tcdATs = ats }))
      = (L loc cls_name :
         [ L fam_loc fam_name | L fam_loc (FamilyDecl { fdLName = L _ fam_name }) <- ats ] ++
         [ L mem_loc mem_name | L mem_loc (ClassOpSig False ns _) <- sigs, L _ mem_name <- ns ]
        , [])
    hsLTyClDeclBinders (L loc (DataDecl    { tcdLName = L _ name, tcdDataDefn = defn }))
      = (\ (xs, ys) -> (L loc name : xs, ys)) $ hsDataDefnBinders defn

    -------------------
    hsForeignDeclsBinders :: [LForeignDecl name] -> [Located name]
    -- See Note [SrcSpan for binders]
    hsForeignDeclsBinders foreign_decls
      = [ L decl_loc n
        | L decl_loc (ForeignImport { fd_name = L _ n }) <- foreign_decls]

    -------------------
    hsPatSynBinders :: HsValBinds RdrName
                    -> ([Located RdrName], [Located RdrName])
    -- Collect pattern-synonym binders only, not Ids
    -- See Note [SrcSpan for binders]
    hsPatSynBinders (ValBindsIn binds _) = foldrBag addPatSynBndr ([],[]) binds
    hsPatSynBinders _ = panic "hsPatSynBinders"

    addPatSynBndr :: LHsBindLR id id -> ([Located id], [Located id])
                    -> ([Located id], [Located id]) -- (selectors, other)
    -- See Note [SrcSpan for binders]
    addPatSynBndr bind (sels, pss)
      | L bind_loc (PatSynBind (PSB { psb_id = L _ n
                                    , psb_args = RecordPatSyn as })) <- bind
      = (map recordPatSynSelectorId as ++ sels, L bind_loc n : pss)
      | L bind_loc (PatSynBind (PSB { psb_id = L _ n})) <- bind
      = (sels, L bind_loc n : pss)
      | otherwise
      = (sels, pss)

    -------------------
    hsLInstDeclBinders :: LInstDecl name -> ([Located name], [LFieldOcc name])
    hsLInstDeclBinders (L _ (ClsInstD { cid_inst = ClsInstDecl { cid_datafam_insts = dfis } }))
      = foldMap (hsDataFamInstBinders . unLoc) dfis
    hsLInstDeclBinders (L _ (DataFamInstD { dfid_inst = fi }))
      = hsDataFamInstBinders fi
    hsLInstDeclBinders (L _ (TyFamInstD {})) = mempty

    -------------------
    -- the SrcLoc returned are for the whole declarations, not just the names
    hsDataFamInstBinders :: DataFamInstDecl name -> ([Located name], [LFieldOcc name])
    hsDataFamInstBinders (DataFamInstDecl { dfid_defn = defn })
      = hsDataDefnBinders defn
      -- There can't be repeated symbols because only data instances have binders

    -------------------
    -- the SrcLoc returned are for the whole declarations, not just the names
    hsDataDefnBinders :: HsDataDefn name -> ([Located name], [LFieldOcc name])
    hsDataDefnBinders (HsDataDefn { dd_cons = cons })
      = hsConDeclsBinders cons
      -- See Note [Binders in family instances]

    -------------------
    hsConDeclsBinders :: [LConDecl name] -> ([Located name], [LFieldOcc name])
      -- See hsLTyClDeclBinders for what this does
      -- The function is boringly complicated because of the records
      -- And since we only have equality, we have to be a little careful
    hsConDeclsBinders cons = go id cons
      where go :: ([LFieldOcc name] -> [LFieldOcc name])
               -> [LConDecl name] -> ([Located name], [LFieldOcc name])
            go _ [] = ([], [])
            go remSeen (r:rs) =
              -- don't re-mangle the location of field names, because we don't
              -- have a record of the full location of the field declaration anyway
              case r of
                 -- remove only the first occurrence of any seen field in order to
                 -- avoid circumventing detection of duplicate fields (#9156)
                 L loc (ConDeclGADT { con_names = names
                                    , con_type = HsIB { hsib_body = res_ty}}) ->
                   case tau of
                     L _ (HsFunTy
                          (L _ (HsAppsTy
                                [L _ (HsAppPrefix (L _ (HsRecTy flds)))])) _res_ty)
                             -> record_gadt flds
                     L _ (HsFunTy (L _ (HsRecTy flds)) _res_ty)
                             -> record_gadt flds

                     _other  -> (map (L loc . unLoc) names ++ ns, fs)
                                where (ns, fs) = go remSeen rs
                   where
                     (_tvs, _cxt, tau) = splitLHsSigmaTy res_ty
                     record_gadt flds = (map (L loc . unLoc) names ++ ns, r' ++ fs)
                       where r' = remSeen (concatMap (cd_fld_names . unLoc) flds)
                             remSeen' = foldr (.) remSeen
                                            [deleteBy ((==) `on`
                                                  unLoc . rdrNameFieldOcc . unLoc) v
                                            | v <- r']
                             (ns, fs) = go remSeen' rs

                 L loc (ConDeclH98 { con_name = name
                                   , con_details = RecCon flds }) ->
                   ([L loc (unLoc name)] ++ ns, r' ++ fs)
                      where r' = remSeen (concatMap (cd_fld_names . unLoc)
                                                    (unLoc flds))
                            remSeen'
                              = foldr (.) remSeen
                                   [deleteBy ((==) `on`
                                       unLoc . rdrNameFieldOcc . unLoc) v | v <- r']
                            (ns, fs) = go remSeen' rs
                 L loc (ConDeclH98 { con_name = name }) ->
                    ([L loc (unLoc name)] ++ ns, fs)
                      where (ns, fs) = go remSeen rs

    {-

    Note [SrcSpan for binders]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    When extracting the (Located RdrNme) for a binder, at least for the
    main name (the TyCon of a type declaration etc), we want to give it
    the @SrcSpan@ of the whole /declaration/, not just the name itself
    (which is how it appears in the syntax tree).  This SrcSpan (for the
    entire declaration) is used as the SrcSpan for the Name that is
    finally produced, and hence for error messages.  (See Trac #8607.)

    Note [Binders in family instances]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    In a type or data family instance declaration, the type
    constructor is an *occurrence* not a binding site
        type instance T Int = Int -> Int   -- No binders
        data instance S Bool = S1 | S2     -- Binders are S1,S2

    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
            Collecting binders the user did not write
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************

    The job of this family of functions is to run through binding sites and find the set of all Names
    that were defined "implicitly", without being explicitly written by the user.

    The main purpose is to find names introduced by record wildcards so that we can avoid
    warning the user when they don't use those names (#4404)
    -}

    lStmtsImplicits :: [LStmtLR Name idR (Located (body idR))] -> NameSet
    lStmtsImplicits = hs_lstmts
      where
        hs_lstmts :: [LStmtLR Name idR (Located (body idR))] -> NameSet
        hs_lstmts = foldr (\stmt rest -> unionNameSet (hs_stmt (unLoc stmt)) rest) emptyNameSet

        hs_stmt :: StmtLR Name idR (Located (body idR)) -> NameSet
        hs_stmt (BindStmt pat _ _ _ _) = lPatImplicits pat
        hs_stmt (ApplicativeStmt args _ _) = unionNameSets (map do_arg args)
          where do_arg (_, ApplicativeArgOne pat _) = lPatImplicits pat
                do_arg (_, ApplicativeArgMany stmts _ _) = hs_lstmts stmts
        hs_stmt (LetStmt binds)      = hs_local_binds (unLoc binds)
        hs_stmt (BodyStmt {})        = emptyNameSet
        hs_stmt (LastStmt {})        = emptyNameSet
        hs_stmt (ParStmt xs _ _ _)   = hs_lstmts [s | ParStmtBlock ss _ _ <- xs, s <- ss]
        hs_stmt (TransStmt { trS_stmts = stmts }) = hs_lstmts stmts
        hs_stmt (RecStmt { recS_stmts = ss })     = hs_lstmts ss

        hs_local_binds (HsValBinds val_binds) = hsValBindsImplicits val_binds
        hs_local_binds (HsIPBinds _)         = emptyNameSet
        hs_local_binds EmptyLocalBinds       = emptyNameSet

    hsValBindsImplicits :: HsValBindsLR Name idR -> NameSet
    hsValBindsImplicits (ValBindsOut binds _)
      = foldr (unionNameSet . lhsBindsImplicits . snd) emptyNameSet binds
    hsValBindsImplicits (ValBindsIn binds _)
      = lhsBindsImplicits binds

    lhsBindsImplicits :: LHsBindsLR Name idR -> NameSet
    lhsBindsImplicits = foldBag unionNameSet (lhs_bind . unLoc) emptyNameSet
      where
        lhs_bind (PatBind { pat_lhs = lpat }) = lPatImplicits lpat
        lhs_bind _ = emptyNameSet

    lPatImplicits :: LPat Name -> NameSet
    lPatImplicits = hs_lpat
      where
        hs_lpat (L _ pat) = hs_pat pat

        hs_lpats = foldr (\pat rest -> hs_lpat pat `unionNameSet` rest) emptyNameSet

        hs_pat (LazyPat pat)       = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (BangPat pat)       = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (AsPat _ pat)       = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (ViewPat _ pat _)   = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (ParPat  pat)       = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (ListPat pats _ _)  = hs_lpats pats
        hs_pat (PArrPat pats _)    = hs_lpats pats
        hs_pat (TuplePat pats _ _) = hs_lpats pats

        hs_pat (SigPatIn pat _)  = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (SigPatOut pat _) = hs_lpat pat
        hs_pat (CoPat _ pat _)   = hs_pat pat

        hs_pat (ConPatIn _ ps)           = details ps
        hs_pat (ConPatOut {pat_args=ps}) = details ps

        hs_pat _ = emptyNameSet

        details (PrefixCon ps)   = hs_lpats ps
        details (RecCon fs)      = hs_lpats explicit `unionNameSet` mkNameSet (collectPatsBinders implicit)
          where (explicit, implicit) = partitionEithers [if pat_explicit then Left pat else Right pat
                                                        | (i, fld) <- [0..] `zip` rec_flds fs
                                                        , let pat = hsRecFieldArg
                                                                         (unLoc fld)
                                                              pat_explicit = maybe True (i<) (rec_dotdot fs)]
        details (InfixCon p1 p2) = hs_lpat p1 `unionNameSet` hs_lpat p2