    {-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
    #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 702
    {-# LANGUAGE Safe #-}
    #endif
    #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 706
    {-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds #-}
    #endif
    #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 710
    {-# LANGUAGE AutoDeriveTypeable #-}
    #endif
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- |
    -- Module      :  Data.Functor.Constant
    -- Copyright   :  (c) Ross Paterson 2010
    -- License     :  BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
    --
    -- Maintainer  :  R.Paterson@city.ac.uk
    -- Stability   :  experimental
    -- Portability :  portable
    --
    -- The constant functor.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    module Data.Functor.Constant (
        Constant(..),
      ) where

    import Data.Functor.Classes

    import Control.Applicative
    import Data.Foldable (Foldable(foldMap))
    import Data.Monoid (Monoid(..))
    import Data.Traversable (Traversable(traverse))
    #if MIN_VERSION_base(4,8,0)
    import Data.Bifunctor (Bifunctor(..))
    #endif

    -- | Constant functor.
    newtype Constant a b = Constant { getConstant :: a }
        deriving (Eq, Ord)

    -- These instances would be equivalent to the derived instances of the
    -- newtype if the field were removed.

    instance (Read a) => Read (Constant a b) where
        readsPrec = readsData $
             readsUnaryWith readsPrec "Constant" Constant

    instance (Show a) => Show (Constant a b) where
        showsPrec d (Constant x) = showsUnaryWith showsPrec "Constant" d x

    -- Instances of lifted Prelude classes

    instance Eq2 Constant where
        liftEq2 eq _ (Constant x) (Constant y) = eq x y
        {-# INLINE liftEq2 #-}

    instance Ord2 Constant where
        liftCompare2 comp _ (Constant x) (Constant y) = comp x y
        {-# INLINE liftCompare2 #-}

    instance Read2 Constant where
        liftReadsPrec2 rp _ _ _ = readsData $
             readsUnaryWith rp "Constant" Constant

    instance Show2 Constant where
        liftShowsPrec2 sp _ _ _ d (Constant x) = showsUnaryWith sp "Constant" d x

    instance (Eq a) => Eq1 (Constant a) where
        liftEq = liftEq2 (==)
        {-# INLINE liftEq #-}
    instance (Ord a) => Ord1 (Constant a) where
        liftCompare = liftCompare2 compare
        {-# INLINE liftCompare #-}
    instance (Read a) => Read1 (Constant a) where
        liftReadsPrec = liftReadsPrec2 readsPrec readList
        {-# INLINE liftReadsPrec #-}
    instance (Show a) => Show1 (Constant a) where
        liftShowsPrec = liftShowsPrec2 showsPrec showList
        {-# INLINE liftShowsPrec #-}

    instance Functor (Constant a) where
        fmap _ (Constant x) = Constant x
        {-# INLINE fmap #-}

    instance Foldable (Constant a) where
        foldMap _ (Constant _) = mempty
        {-# INLINE foldMap #-}

    instance Traversable (Constant a) where
        traverse _ (Constant x) = pure (Constant x)
        {-# INLINE traverse #-}

    instance (Monoid a) => Applicative (Constant a) where
        pure _ = Constant mempty
        {-# INLINE pure #-}
        Constant x <*> Constant y = Constant (x `mappend` y)
        {-# INLINE (<*>) #-}

    instance (Monoid a) => Monoid (Constant a b) where
        mempty = Constant mempty
        {-# INLINE mempty #-}
        Constant x `mappend` Constant y = Constant (x `mappend` y)
        {-# INLINE mappend #-}

    #if MIN_VERSION_base(4,8,0)
    instance Bifunctor Constant where
        first f (Constant x) = Constant (f x)
        {-# INLINE first #-}
        second _ (Constant x) = Constant x
        {-# INLINE second #-}
    #endif