    {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE Safe #-}
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- |
    -- Module      :  Data.Functor.Compose
    -- Copyright   :  (c) Ross Paterson 2010
    -- License     :  BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
    --
    -- Maintainer  :  libraries@haskell.org
    -- Stability   :  experimental
    -- Portability :  portable
    --
    -- Composition of functors.
    --
    -- @since 4.9.0.0
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    module Data.Functor.Compose (
        Compose(..),
      ) where

    import Data.Functor.Classes

    import Control.Applicative
    import Data.Data (Data)
    import Data.Foldable (Foldable(foldMap))
    import Data.Traversable (Traversable(traverse))
    import GHC.Generics (Generic, Generic1)

    infixr 9 `Compose`

    -- | Right-to-left composition of functors.
    -- The composition of applicative functors is always applicative,
    -- but the composition of monads is not always a monad.
    newtype Compose f g a = Compose { getCompose :: f (g a) }
      deriving (Data, Generic, Generic1)

    -- Instances of lifted Prelude classes

    instance (Eq1 f, Eq1 g) => Eq1 (Compose f g) where
        liftEq eq (Compose x) (Compose y) = liftEq (liftEq eq) x y

    instance (Ord1 f, Ord1 g) => Ord1 (Compose f g) where
        liftCompare comp (Compose x) (Compose y) =
            liftCompare (liftCompare comp) x y

    instance (Read1 f, Read1 g) => Read1 (Compose f g) where
        liftReadsPrec rp rl = readsData $
            readsUnaryWith (liftReadsPrec rp' rl') "Compose" Compose
          where
            rp' = liftReadsPrec rp rl
            rl' = liftReadList rp rl

    instance (Show1 f, Show1 g) => Show1 (Compose f g) where
        liftShowsPrec sp sl d (Compose x) =
            showsUnaryWith (liftShowsPrec sp' sl') "Compose" d x
          where
            sp' = liftShowsPrec sp sl
            sl' = liftShowList sp sl

    -- Instances of Prelude classes

    instance (Eq1 f, Eq1 g, Eq a) => Eq (Compose f g a) where
        (==) = eq1

    instance (Ord1 f, Ord1 g, Ord a) => Ord (Compose f g a) where
        compare = compare1

    instance (Read1 f, Read1 g, Read a) => Read (Compose f g a) where
        readsPrec = readsPrec1

    instance (Show1 f, Show1 g, Show a) => Show (Compose f g a) where
        showsPrec = showsPrec1

    -- Functor instances

    instance (Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (Compose f g) where
        fmap f (Compose x) = Compose (fmap (fmap f) x)

    instance (Foldable f, Foldable g) => Foldable (Compose f g) where
        foldMap f (Compose t) = foldMap (foldMap f) t

    instance (Traversable f, Traversable g) => Traversable (Compose f g) where
        traverse f (Compose t) = Compose <$> traverse (traverse f) t

    instance (Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (Compose f g) where
        pure x = Compose (pure (pure x))
        Compose f <*> Compose x = Compose ((<*>) <$> f <*> x)

    instance (Alternative f, Applicative g) => Alternative (Compose f g) where
        empty = Compose empty
        Compose x <|> Compose y = Compose (x <|> y)