base-4.9.1.0: Basic libraries

Copyright | (c) The University of Glasgow 2001
License | BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
Maintainer | libraries@haskell.org
Stability | provisional
Portability | portable
Safe Haskell | Trustworthy
Language | Haskell2010

Data.Functor

Description

Functors: uniform action over a parameterized type, generalizing the `map` function on lists.

Synopsis

- class Functor f where
- (<$) :: Functor f => a -> f b -> f a
- ($>) :: Functor f => f a -> b -> f b
- (<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
- void :: Functor f => f a -> f ()

# Documentation

class Functor f where Source #

The `Functor` class is used for types that can be mapped over. Instances of `Functor` should satisfy the following laws:

    fmap id  ==  id
    fmap (f . g)  ==  fmap f . fmap g

The instances of `Functor` for lists, `Maybe` and `IO` satisfy these laws.

Minimal complete definition

fmap

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b Source #

(<$) :: a -> f b -> f a infixl 4 Source #

Replace all locations in the input with the same value. The default definition is ``fmap` . `const``, but this may be overridden with a more efficient version.

Instances

Functor [] # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b] Source # (<$) :: a -> [b] -> [a] Source #
Functor Maybe # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Maybe a -> Maybe b Source # (<$) :: a -> Maybe b -> Maybe a Source #
Functor IO # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> IO a -> IO b Source # (<$) :: a -> IO b -> IO a Source #
Functor V1 # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> V1 a -> V1 b Source # (<$) :: a -> V1 b -> V1 a Source #
Functor U1 # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> U1 a -> U1 b Source # (<$) :: a -> U1 b -> U1 a Source #
Functor Par1 # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Par1 a -> Par1 b Source # (<$) :: a -> Par1 b -> Par1 a Source #
Functor ReadP # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ReadP a -> ReadP b Source # (<$) :: a -> ReadP b -> ReadP a Source #
Functor ReadPrec # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b Source # (<$) :: a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec a Source #
Functor Last # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b Source # (<$) :: a -> Last b -> Last a Source #
Functor First # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> First a -> First b Source # (<$) :: a -> First b -> First a Source #
Functor Product # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Product a -> Product b Source # (<$) :: a -> Product b -> Product a Source #
Functor Sum # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Sum a -> Sum b Source # (<$) :: a -> Sum b -> Sum a Source #
Functor Dual # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Dual a -> Dual b Source # (<$) :: a -> Dual b -> Dual a Source #
Functor STM # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> STM a -> STM b Source # (<$) :: a -> STM b -> STM a Source #
Functor Handler # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Handler a -> Handler b Source # (<$) :: a -> Handler b -> Handler a Source #
Functor ZipList # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b Source # (<$) :: a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a Source #
Functor ArgDescr # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ArgDescr a -> ArgDescr b Source # (<$) :: a -> ArgDescr b -> ArgDescr a Source #
Functor OptDescr # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> OptDescr a -> OptDescr b Source # (<$) :: a -> OptDescr b -> OptDescr a Source #
Functor ArgOrder # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ArgOrder a -> ArgOrder b Source # (<$) :: a -> ArgOrder b -> ArgOrder a Source #
Functor Complex # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Complex a -> Complex b Source # (<$) :: a -> Complex b -> Complex a Source #
Functor NonEmpty # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b Source # (<$) :: a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty a Source #
Functor Option # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Option a -> Option b Source # (<$) :: a -> Option b -> Option a Source #
Functor Last # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b Source # (<$) :: a -> Last b -> Last a Source #
Functor First # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> First a -> First b Source # (<$) :: a -> First b -> First a Source #
Functor Max # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Max a -> Max b Source # (<$) :: a -> Max b -> Max a Source #
Functor Min # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Min a -> Min b Source # (<$) :: a -> Min b -> Min a Source #
Functor Identity # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Identity a -> Identity b Source # (<$) :: a -> Identity b -> Identity a Source #
Functor ((->) r) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> (r -> a) -> r -> b Source # (<$) :: a -> (r -> b) -> r -> a Source #
Functor (Either a) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Either a a -> Either a b Source # (<$) :: a -> Either a b -> Either a a Source #
Functor f => Functor (Rec1 f) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b Source # (<$) :: a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f a Source #
Functor (URec Char) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> URec Char a -> URec Char b Source # (<$) :: a -> URec Char b -> URec Char a Source #
Functor (URec Double) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> URec Double a -> URec Double b Source # (<$) :: a -> URec Double b -> URec Double a Source #
Functor (URec Float) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> URec Float a -> URec Float b Source # (<$) :: a -> URec Float b -> URec Float a Source #
Functor (URec Int) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> URec Int a -> URec Int b Source # (<$) :: a -> URec Int b -> URec Int a Source #
Functor (URec Word) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> URec Word a -> URec Word b Source # (<$) :: a -> URec Word b -> URec Word a Source #
Functor (URec (Ptr ())) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> URec (Ptr ()) a -> URec (Ptr ()) b Source # (<$) :: a -> URec (Ptr ()) b -> URec (Ptr ()) a Source #
Functor ((,) a) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> (a, a) -> (a, b) Source # (<$) :: a -> (a, b) -> (a, a) Source #
Functor (ST s) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b Source # (<$) :: a -> ST s b -> ST s a Source #
Functor (Proxy *) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Proxy * a -> Proxy * b Source # (<$) :: a -> Proxy * b -> Proxy * a Source #
Arrow a => Functor (ArrowMonad a) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ArrowMonad a a -> ArrowMonad a b Source # (<$) :: a -> ArrowMonad a b -> ArrowMonad a a Source #
Monad m => Functor (WrappedMonad m) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b Source # (<$) :: a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a Source #
Functor (ST s) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b Source # (<$) :: a -> ST s b -> ST s a Source #
Functor (Arg a) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Arg a a -> Arg a b Source # (<$) :: a -> Arg a b -> Arg a a Source #
Functor (K1 i c) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> K1 i c a -> K1 i c b Source # (<$) :: a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c a Source #
(Functor g, Functor f) => Functor ((:+:) f g) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> (f :+: g) a -> (f :+: g) b Source # (<$) :: a -> (f :+: g) b -> (f :+: g) a Source #
(Functor g, Functor f) => Functor ((:*:) f g) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b Source # (<$) :: a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) a Source #
(Functor g, Functor f) => Functor ((:.:) f g) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b Source # (<$) :: a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) a Source #
Functor f => Functor (Alt * f) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Alt * f a -> Alt * f b Source # (<$) :: a -> Alt * f b -> Alt * f a Source #
Functor (Const * m) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Const * m a -> Const * m b Source # (<$) :: a -> Const * m b -> Const * m a Source #
Arrow a => Functor (WrappedArrow a b) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> WrappedArrow a b a -> WrappedArrow a b b Source # (<$) :: a -> WrappedArrow a b b -> WrappedArrow a b a Source #
Functor f => Functor (M1 i c f) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b Source # (<$) :: a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f a Source #
(Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (Product * f g) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Product * f g a -> Product * f g b Source # (<$) :: a -> Product * f g b -> Product * f g a Source #
(Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (Sum * f g) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Sum * f g a -> Sum * f g b Source # (<$) :: a -> Sum * f g b -> Sum * f g a Source #
(Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (Compose * * f g) # |
Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> Compose * * f g a -> Compose * * f g b Source # (<$) :: a -> Compose * * f g b -> Compose * * f g a Source #

(<$) :: Functor f => a -> f b -> f a Source #

Replace all locations in the input with the same value. The default definition is ``fmap` . `const``, but this may be overridden with a more efficient version.

($>) :: Functor f => f a -> b -> f b infixl 4 Source #

Flipped version of `<$`.

#### Examples

Replace the contents of a ``Maybe` `Int`` with a constant `String`:

    >>> Nothing $> "foo"
    Nothing
    >>> Just 90210 $> "foo"
    Just "foo"

Replace the contents of an ``Either` `Int` `Int`` with a constant `String`, resulting in an ``Either` `Int` `String``:

    >>> Left 8675309 $> "foo"
    Left 8675309
    >>> Right 8675309 $> "foo"
    Right "foo"

Replace each element of a list with a constant `String`:

    >>> [1,2,3] $> "foo"
    ["foo","foo","foo"]

Replace the second element of a pair with a constant `String`:

    >>> (1,2) $> "foo"
    (1,"foo")

Since: 4.7.0.0

(<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b infixl 4 Source #

An infix synonym for `fmap`.

The name of this operator is an allusion to `$`. Note the similarities between their types:

     ($)  ::              (a -> b) ->   a ->   b
    (<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b

Whereas `$` is function application, `<$>` is function application lifted over a `Functor`.

#### Examples

Convert from a ``Maybe` `Int`` to a ``Maybe` `String`` using `show`:

    >>> show <$> Nothing
    Nothing
    >>> show <$> Just 3
    Just "3"

Convert from an ``Either` `Int` `Int`` to an ``Either` `Int`` `String` using `show`:

    >>> show <$> Left 17
    Left 17
    >>> show <$> Right 17
    Right "17"

Double each element of a list:

    >>> (*2) <$> [1,2,3]
    [2,4,6]

Apply `even` to the second element of a pair:

    >>> even <$> (2,2)
    (2,True)

void :: Functor f => f a -> f () Source #

``void` value` discards or ignores the result of evaluation, such as the return value of an `IO` action.

#### Examples

Replace the contents of a ``Maybe` `Int`` with unit:

    >>> void Nothing
    Nothing
    >>> void (Just 3)
    Just ()

Replace the contents of an ``Either` `Int` `Int`` with unit, resulting in an ``Either` `Int` '()'`:

    >>> void (Left 8675309)
    Left 8675309
    >>> void (Right 8675309)
    Right ()

Replace every element of a list with unit:

    >>> void [1,2,3]
    [(),(),()]

Replace the second element of a pair with unit:

    >>> void (1,2)
    (1,())

Discard the result of an `IO` action:

    >>> mapM print [1,2]
    1
    2
    [(),()]
    >>> void $ mapM print [1,2]
    1
    2