Kernel parameters (简体中文)
一共有三种办法,可以给内核传递参数,用于控制其行为方式:
- 在编译内核时(这个最根本,会决定后面两种方法)
- 内核启动时(通常是在一个启动管理器里设置).
- 在运行时 (通过修改在
/proc
和/sys
中的文件).
本页面主要是讲第二种方法。
配置
内核参数可以在启动时临时修改,也可以永久性写到启动管理器的配置文件中,永远起作用。
下面示例:把参数quiet
和 splash
加到启动管理器 Syslinux, GRUB, GRUB Legacy 和 LILO中.
Syslinux
- 当出现启动选择菜单的时候,按
Tab
进入修改模式:
-
> .linux ../vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda3 ro initrd=../initramfs-linux.img quiet splash
- Press
Enter
to boot with these parameters.
- To make the change persistent after reboot, edit
/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
and add them to theAPPEND
line:
-
APPEND root=/dev/sda3 ro quiet splash
更多详情请见Syslinux 。
GRUB
- Press
e
when the menu shows up and add them on thelinux
line:
-
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=978e3e81-8048-4ae1-8a06-aa727458e8ff ro quiet splash
- Press
b
to boot with these parameters.
- To make the change persistent after reboot, while you could manually edit
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
with the exact line from above, for beginners it's recommended to:
- Edit
/etc/default/grub
and append your kernel options to theGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
line:
-
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
-
- And then automatically re-generate the
grub.cfg
file with:
-
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-
For more information on configuring GRUB, see the GRUB article.
GRUB Legacy
- Press
e
when the menu shows up and add them on thekernel
line:
-
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda3 ro quiet splash
- Press
b
to boot with these parameters.
- To make the change persistent after reboot, edit
/boot/grub/menu.lst
and add them to thekernel
line, exactly like above.
For more information on configuring GRUB Legacy, see the GRUB Legacy article.
LILO
- Add them to
/etc/lilo.conf
:
-
image=/boot/vmlinuz-linux ... quiet splash
For more information on configuring LILO, see the LILO article.
常见参数列表
SysVinit(即将过时) | systemd | 描述 |
---|---|---|
3 |
systemd.unit=multi-user |
不启动x(可进入后启动) |
1 |
systemd.unit=rescue |
进入根用户模式(root). |
nomodeset |
nomodeset |
关闭内核显示模式设置功能. |
loglevel=3 |
loglevel=3 |
Removes "misaligned reg" and "unknown connector type" messages during boot with the Nouveau driver. See this topic. |
-- | init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd |
使用systemd[broken link: invalid section] 替代 SysVinit 启动. |
init=/bin/sh rw |
init=/bin/sh rw |
进入超级终端模式,一般用于急救 |
All of these parameters are case-sensitive.
For a complete list of all known options, please see the kernel documentation.