Lighttpd (简体中文)
Lighttpd是 一个安全,快速,标准,且非常灵活的网页服务器,并对高性能环境做了最佳化。相较于其他网页服务器它占用的内存很少,且注重CPU负载量。它的进阶功能集 (FastCGI,CGI,验证,输出压缩,网址重写等等)让Lighttpd成为每个试图拜托负载瓶颈的服务器的完美网页服务器软件。
安装
Lighttpd可以从[extra]仓库获得:
# pacman -S lighttpd
设置
基本设置
lighttpd配置文件: /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
。在安装完成后它会自动生成一个用于测试的测试页面。
想要检查 lighttpd.conf
中的语法错误,可以使用以下命令来快速查找错误:
$ lighttpd -t -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
预设配置文件会把这里 /srv/http/
指定为提供HTTP服务的文件目录。
测试安装结果:
# chmod 755 /srv/http/index.html # echo 'TestMe!' >> /srv/http/index.html
修改日志目录权限:
# chown -R http:http /var/log/lighttpd
启动服务:
# systemctl start lighttpd
然后就可以使用浏览器打开网址 localhost
,你应该能见到测试页面。
开机自动启动:
# systemctl enable lighttpd
示例配置文件在 /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/
。
CGI
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 脚本对于lighttpd可以开箱即用, 你只需要开启CGI模块, 指定配置文件,并确保指定语言的解释器已经安装。 (如:使用python需要安装 python)
创建 /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/cgi.conf
,添加以下内容:
server.modules += ( "mod_cgi" ) cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl", ".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl", ".rb" => "/usr/bin/ruby", ".erb" => "/usr/bin/eruby", ".py" => "/usr/bin/python", ".php" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi" ) index-file.names += ( "index.pl", "default.pl", "index.rb", "default.rb", "index.erb", "default.erb", "index.py", "default.py", "index.php", "default.php" )
对于PHP脚本,请确认在 /etc/php/php.ini
添加了下列配置:
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1
在你的lighttpd配置文件中/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
添加:
include "conf.d/cgi.conf"
FastCGI
安装 fcgi,之后你的lighttpd就有了fcgi支持, 以下内容是给需要使用Ruby,PHP或者Python的人的指导。
首先复制一份默认配置,从 /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/config/conf.d/fastcgi.conf
复制到 /etc/lighttpd/conf.d
将以下内容添加到 /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf
server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" ) #server.indexfiles += ( "dispatch.fcgi" ) #this is deprecated index-file.names += ( "dispatch.fcgi" ) #dispatch.fcgi if rails specified server.error-handler-404 = "/dispatch.fcgi" #too fastcgi.server = ( ".fcgi" => ( "localhost" => ( "socket" => "/run/lighttpd/rails-fastcgi.sock", "bin-path" => "/path/to/rails/application/public/dispatch.fcgi" ) ) )
然后在 /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
中添加:
include "conf.d/fastcgi.conf"
下面是关于PHP和Ruby on Rails的指导。
PHP
安装 php 和 php-cgi (可以参阅 PHP 、 LAMP).
确认php-cgi可以工作: php-cgi --version
PHP 5.4.3 (cgi-fcgi) (built: May 8 2012 17:10:17) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies
如果输出内容与上面相仿则php已经正确安装。
创建一份新的配置文件:
/etc/lighttpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf
# Make sure to install php and php-cgi. See: # https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fastcgi_and_lighttpd#PHP server.modules += ("mod_fastcgi") # FCGI server # =========== # # Configure a FastCGI server which handles PHP requests. # index-file.names += ("index.php") fastcgi.server = ( # Load-balance requests for this path... ".php" => ( # ... among the following FastCGI servers. The string naming each # server is just a label used in the logs to identify the server. "localhost" => ( "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi", "socket" => "/tmp/php-fastcgi.sock", # breaks SCRIPT_FILENAME in a way that PHP can extract PATH_INFO # from it "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable", # Launch (max-procs + (max-procs * PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN)) procs, where # max-procs are "watchers" and the rest are "workers". See: # https://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/1/wiki/frequentlyaskedquestions#How-many-php-CGI-processes-will-lighttpd-spawn "max-procs" => 4, # default value "bin-environment" => ( "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "1" # default value ) ) ) )
在/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf中添加以下内容使新配置能够应用:
/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
include "conf.d/fastcgi.conf"
重新加载 lighttpd:
- systemctl restart lighttpd
Using php-fpm
There is no adaptive spawning anymore in recent lighttpd releases. For dynamic management of PHP processes, you can use php-fpm.
# pacman -S php-fpm # rc.d start php-fpm
In /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf
add:
server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" ) index-file.names += ( "index.php" ) fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => ( "localhost" => ( "socket" => "/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock", "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable" )) )
eAccelerator
Install eacceleratorAUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror] from the AUR.
Add own config file for eaccelerator:
/etc/php/conf.d/eaccelerator-own.ini
zlib.output_compression = On cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 eaccelerator.cache_dir="/home/phpuser/eaccelerator/cache"
Try a php page
Create the following php page, name it index.php, and place a copy in both /srv/http/ and /srv/http-ssl/html/
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
Try navigating with a web browser to both the http and https address of your server. You should see the phpinfo page.
Check eaccelerator caching:
# ls -l /home/phpuser/eaccelerator/cache
If the above command outputs the following:
-rw------- 1 phpuser phpuser 456 2005-05-05 14:53 eaccelerator-277.58081 -rw------- 1 phpuser phpuser 452 2005-05-05 14:53 eaccelerator-277.88081
Then eaccelerator is happily caching your php scripts to help speed things up.
Ruby on Rails
Install and configure FastCGI. (See #FastCGI above.)
Install ruby from [extra] and ruby-fcgiAUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror] from AUR.
Follow instructions on RubyOnRails.
Python FastCGI
Install flup
# pacman -S python2-flup
Configure:
fastcgi.server = ( ".py" => ( "python-fcgi" => ( "socket" => "/run/lighttpd/fastcgi.python.socket", "bin-path" => "test.py", "check-local" => "disable", "max-procs" => 1, ) ) )
SSL
Generate an SSL Cert, e.g. like that:
# mkdir /etc/lighttpd/certs # openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 7300 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem -out /etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem # chmod 600 /etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem
Edit /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
.
To make lighttpd SSL-only (you probably need to set the server port to 443 as well)
ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem"
To enable SSL in addition to normal HTTP
$SERVER["socket"] == ":443" { ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem" }
If you want to serve different sites, you can change the document root inside the socket conditional:
$SERVER["socket"] == ":443" { server.document-root = "/srv/ssl" # use your ssl directory here ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem" # use the path where you created your pem file }
or as alternative you can use the scheme conditional to distinguish between secure and normal requests.
$HTTP["scheme"] == "https" { server.document-root = "/srv/ssl" # use your ssl directory here ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem" # use the path where you created your pem file }
Note that you cannot use the scheme conditional around ssl.engine above, since lighttpd needs to know on what port to enable SSL.
Server Name Indication
To use SNI with lighttpd, simply put additional ssl.pemfile configuration directives inside host conditionals. It seems a default ssl.pemfile is still required, though.
$HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" { ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.org.pem" }
$HTTP["host"] == "mail.example.org" { ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/mail.example.org.pem" }
Redirect HTTP requests to HTTPS
You should add "mod_redirect" in server.modules array in /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
:
server.modules = ( ... "mod_redirect", ... )
$SERVER["socket"] == ":80" { $HTTP["host"] =~ "example.org" { url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "https://example.org/$1" ) server.name = "example.org" } }
$SERVER["socket"] == ":443" { ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/ssl/server.pem" server.document-root = "..." }
To redirect all hosts to their secure equivalents use the following in place of the socket 80 configuration above:
$SERVER["socket"] == ":80" { $HTTP["host"] =~ "(.*)" { url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "https://%1/$1" ) } }
To redirect all hosts for part of the site (e.g. secure or phpmyadmin):
$SERVER["socket"] == ":80" { $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/secure" { url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "https://example.com/$1" ) } }
Output Compression
In /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
add
var.cache_dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd"
Then create directory for a compressed files:
# mkdir /var/cache/lighttpd/compress # chown http:http /var/cache/lighttpd/compress
Copy example configuration file:
# mkdir /etc/lighttpd/conf.d # cp /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/config/conf.d/compress.conf /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/
Add following in /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
:
include "conf.d/compress.conf"
疑难解答
关于Lighttpd下载.php文件的情况
若Lighttpd仅仅是下载.php
文件而不是去“初始化”它们,那么你可能没把下面的一些设置写入你的配置文件里/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
。
server.modules = ( "mod_fastcgi", ) fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => (( "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi", #depends where your php-cgi has been installed. Default here. "socket" => "/tmp/php.socket", "max-procs" => 2, "bin-environment" => ( "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "16", "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "10000" ), "bin-copy-environment" => ( "PATH", "SHELL", "USER" ), "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable" )))
CCS样式列表无法正确显示
Lighttpd的默认设置是没有包括CSS的媒体类型的,所以标准的浏览器把text/CSS误以为text/html而混淆彼此,最终什么都没有正确的显示出来。要解决这个问题需要在CSS中增加一条说明。
mimetype.assign = ( ".html" => "text/html", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".css" => "text/css" )
换行不是必须的,仅仅为了可读性。