► |  | The Racket Reference

1 | Language Model
2 | Notation for Documentation
3 | Syntactic Forms
4 | Datatypes
5 | Structures
6 | Classes and Objects
7 | Units
8 | Contracts
9 | Pattern Matching
10 | Control Flow
11 | Concurrency and Parallelism
12 | Macros
13 | Input and Output
14 | Reflection and Security
15 | Operating System
16 | Memory Management
17 | Unsafe Operations
18 | Running Racket
| Bibliography
| Index

▼ | 4 | Datatypes

4.1 | Booleans and Equality
4.2 | Numbers
4.3 | Strings
4.4 | Byte Strings
4.5 | Characters
4.6 | Symbols
4.7 | Regular Expressions
4.8 | Keywords
4.9 | Pairs and Lists
4.10 | Mutable Pairs and Lists
4.11 | Vectors
4.12 | Boxes
4.13 | Hash Tables
4.14 | Sequences and Streams
4.15 | Dictionaries
4.16 | Sets
4.17 | Procedures
4.18 | Void
4.19 | Undefined

► | 4.11 | Vectors

4.11.1 | Additional Vector Functions

On this page:

vector?
make-vector
vector
vector-immutable
vector-length
vector-ref
vector-set!
vector->list
list->vector
vector->immutable-vector
vector-fill!
vector-copy!
vector->values
build-vector
4.11.1`` Additional Vector Functions
vector-set*!
vector-map
vector-map!
vector-append
vector-take
vector-take-right
vector-drop
vector-drop-right
vector-split-at
vector-split-at-right
vector-copy
vector-filter
vector-filter-not
vector-count
vector-argmin
vector-argmax
vector-member
vector-memv
vector-memq
vector-sort
vector-sort!

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#### 4.11`` Vectors

> > > Vectors in The Racket Guide introduces vectors.

A vector is a fixed-length array with constant-time access and update of the vector slots, which are numbered from 0 to one less than the number of slots in the vector.

Two vectors are equal? if they have the same length, and if the values in corresponding slots of the vectors are equal?.

A vector can be mutable or immutable. When an immutable vector is provided to a procedure like vector-set!, the exn:fail:contract exception is raised. Vectors generated by the default reader (see Reading Strings) are immutable.

A vector can be used as a single-valued sequence (see Sequences). The elements of the vector serve as elements of the sequence. See also in-vector.

A literal or printed vector starts with #(, optionally with a number between the # and (. See Reading Vectors for information on reading vectors and Printing Vectors for information on printing vectors.

> procedure (vector? v) → boolean?
> v : any/c

Returns #t if v is a vector, #f otherwise.

> procedure (make-vector size [v]) → vector?
> size : exact-nonnegative-integer?
> v : any/c = 0

Returns a mutable vector with size slots, where all slots are initialized to contain v.

> procedure (vector v ...) → vector?
> v : any/c

Returns a newly allocated mutable vector with as many slots as provided vs, where the slots are initialized to contain the given vs in order.

> > procedure
> > (vector-immutable v ...) |  | → |  |
> > (and/c vector?
> > immutable?)
> v : any/c

Returns a newly allocated immutable vector with as many slots as provided vs, where the slots are contain the given vs in order.

> procedure (vector-length vec) → exact-nonnegative-integer?
> vec : vector?

Returns the length of vec (i.e., the number of slots in the vector).

> procedure (vector-ref vec pos) → any/c
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns the element in slot pos of vec. The first slot is position 0, and the last slot is one less than (vector-length vec).

> procedure (vector-set! vec pos v) → void?
> vec : (and/c vector? (not/c immutable?))
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?
> v : any/c

Updates the slot pos of vec to contain v.

> procedure (vector->list vec) → list?
> vec : vector?

Returns a list with the same length and elements as vec.

> procedure (list->vector lst) → vector?
> lst : list?

Returns a mutable vector with the same length and elements as lst.

> procedure (vector->immutable-vector vec) → (and/c vector? immutable?)
> vec : vector?

Returns an immutable vector with the same length and elements as vec. If vec is itself immutable, then it is returned as the result.

> procedure (vector-fill! vec v) → void?
> vec : (and/c vector? (not/c immutable?))
> v : any/c

Changes all slots of vec to contain v.

> > procedure
> > (vector-copy! |  | dest |  |  |  |
> > |  | dest-start |  |  |  |
> > |  | src |  |  |  |
> > | [ | src-start |  |  |  |
> > |  | src-end]) |  | → |  | void?
> dest : (and/c vector? (not/c immutable?))
> dest-start : exact-nonnegative-integer?
> src : vector?
> src-start : exact-nonnegative-integer? = 0
> src-end : exact-nonnegative-integer? = (vector-length src)

Changes the elements of dest starting at position dest-start to match the elements in src from src-start (inclusive) to src-end (exclusive). The vectors dest and src can be the same vector, and in that case the destination region can overlap with the source region; the destination elements after the copy match the source elements from before the copy. If any of dest-start, src-start, or src-end are out of range (taking into account the sizes of the vectors and the source and destination regions), the exn:fail:contract exception is raised.

Examples:

> > (define v (vector 'A 'p 'p 'l 'e))
> > (vector-copy! v 4 #(y))
> > (vector-copy! v 0 v 3 4)
> > v
> '#(l p p l y)

> procedure (vector->values vec [start-pos end-pos]) → any
> vec : vector?
> start-pos : exact-nonnegative-integer? = 0
> end-pos : exact-nonnegative-integer? = (vector-length vec)

Returns end-pos - start-pos values, which are the elements of vec from start-pos (inclusive) to end-pos (exclusive). If start-pos or end-pos are greater than (vector-length vec), or if end-pos is less than start-pos, the exn:fail:contract exception is raised.

> procedure (build-vector n proc) → vector?
> n : exact-nonnegative-integer?
> proc : (exact-nonnegative-integer? . -> . any/c)

Creates a vector of n elements by applying proc to the integers from 0 to (sub1 n) in order. If vec is the resulting vector, then (vector-ref vec i) is the value produced by (proc i).

Example:

> > (build-vector 5 add1)
> '#(1 2 3 4 5)

##### 4.11.1`` Additional Vector Functions

(require racket/vector) | package: base

The bindings documented in this section are provided by the racket/vector and racket libraries, but not racket/base.

> procedure (vector-set*! vec pos v ... ...) → void?
> vec : (and/c vector? (not/c immutable?))
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?
> v : any/c

Updates each slot pos of vec to contain each v. The update takes place from the left so later updates overwrite earlier updates.

> procedure (vector-map proc vec ...+) → vector?
> proc : procedure?
> vec : vector?

Applies proc to the elements of the vecs from the first elements to the last. The proc argument must accept the same number of arguments as the number of supplied vecs, and all vecs must have the same number of elements. The result is a fresh vector containing each result of proc in order.

Example:

> > (vector-map + #(1 2) #(3 4))
> '#(4 6)

> procedure (vector-map! proc vec ...+) → vector?
> proc : procedure?
> vec : (and/c vector? (not/c immutable?))

Like vector-map, but result of proc is inserted into the first vec at the index that the arguments to proc were taken from. The result is the first vec.

Examples:

> > (define v (vector 1 2 3 4))
> > (vector-map! add1 v)
> '#(2 3 4 5)
> > v
> '#(2 3 4 5)

> procedure (vector-append vec ...) → vector?
> vec : vector?

Creates a fresh vector that contains all of the elements of the given vectors in order.

Example:

> > (vector-append #(1 2) #(3 4))
> '#(1 2 3 4)

> procedure (vector-take vec pos) → vector?
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns a fresh vector whose elements are the first pos elements of vec. If vec has fewer than pos elements, then the exn:fail:contract exception is raised.

Example:

> > (vector-take #(1 2 3 4) 2)
> '#(1 2)

> procedure (vector-take-right vec pos) → vector?
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns a fresh vector whose elements are the last pos elements of vec. If vec has fewer than pos elements, then the exn:fail:contract exception is raised.

Example:

> > (vector-take-right #(1 2 3 4) 2)
> '#(3 4)

> procedure (vector-drop vec pos) → vector?
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns a fresh vector whose elements are the elements of vec after the first pos elements. If vec has fewer than pos elements, then the exn:fail:contract exception is raised.

Example:

> > (vector-drop #(1 2 3 4) 2)
> '#(3 4)

> procedure (vector-drop-right vec pos) → vector?
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns a fresh vector whose elements are the elements of vec before the first pos elements. If vec has fewer than pos elements, then the exn:fail:contract exception is raised.

Example:

> > (vector-drop-right #(1 2 3 4) 2)
> '#(1 2)

> > procedure
> > (vector-split-at vec pos) |  | → |  |
> > vector? |  | vector?
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns the same result as

> (values (vector-take vec pos) (vector-drop vec pos))

except that it can be faster.

Example:

> > (vector-split-at #(1 2 3 4 5) 2)
> '#(1 2)
> '#(3 4 5)

> > procedure
> > (vector-split-at-right vec pos) |  | → |  |
> > vector? |  | vector?
> vec : vector?
> pos : exact-nonnegative-integer?

Returns the same result as

> (values (vector-take-right vec pos) (vector-drop-right vec pos))

except that it can be faster.

Example:

> > (vector-split-at-right #(1 2 3 4 5) 2)
> '#(1 2 3)
> '#(4 5)

> procedure (vector-copy vec [start end]) → vector?
> vec : vector?
> start : exact-nonnegative-integer? = 0
> end : exact-nonnegative-integer? = (vector-length v)

Creates a fresh vector of size (- end start), with all of the elements of vec from start (inclusive) to end (exclusive).

Examples:

> > (vector-copy #(1 2 3 4))
> '#(1 2 3 4)
> > (vector-copy #(1 2 3 4) 3)
> '#(4)
> > (vector-copy #(1 2 3 4) 2 3)
> '#(3)

> procedure (vector-filter pred vec) → vector?
> pred : procedure?
> vec : vector?

Returns a fresh vector with the elements of vec for which pred produces a true value. The pred procedure is applied to each element from first to last.

Example:

> > (vector-filter even? #(1 2 3 4 5 6))
> '#(2 4 6)

> procedure (vector-filter-not pred vec) → vector?
> pred : procedure?
> vec : vector?

Like vector-filter, but the meaning of the pred predicate is reversed: the result is a vector of all items for which pred returns #f.

Example:

> > (vector-filter-not even? #(1 2 3 4 5 6))
> '#(1 3 5)

> procedure (vector-count proc vec ...+) → exact-nonnegative-integer?
> proc : procedure?
> vec : vector?

Returns the number of elements of the vec ... (taken in parallel) on which proc does not evaluate to #f.

Examples:

> > (vector-count even? #(1 2 3 4 5))
> 2
> > (vector-count = #(1 2 3 4 5) #(5 4 3 2 1))
> 1

> procedure (vector-argmin proc vec) → any/c
> proc : (-> any/c real?)
> vec : vector?

This returns the first element in the non-empty vector vec that minimizes the result of proc.

Examples:

> > (vector-argmin car #((3 pears) (1 banana) (2 apples)))
> '(1 banana)
> > (vector-argmin car #((1 banana) (1 orange)))
> '(1 banana)

> procedure (vector-argmax proc vec) → any/c
> proc : (-> any/c real?)
> vec : vector?

This returns the first element in the non-empty vector vec that maximizes the result of proc.

Examples:

> > (vector-argmax car #((3 pears) (1 banana) (2 apples)))
> '(3 pears)
> > (vector-argmax car #((3 pears) (3 oranges)))
> '(3 pears)

> procedure (vector-member v vec) → (or/c natural-number/c #f)
> v : any/c
> vec : vector?

Locates the first element of vec that is equal? to v. If such an element exists, the index of that element in vec is returned. Otherwise, the result is #f.

Examples:

> > (vector-member 2 (vector 1 2 3 4))
> 1
> > (vector-member 9 (vector 1 2 3 4))
> #f

> procedure (vector-memv v vec) → (or/c natural-number/c #f)
> v : any/c
> vec : vector?

Like vector-member, but finds an element using eqv?.

Examples:

> > (vector-memv 2 (vector 1 2 3 4))
> 1
> > (vector-memv 9 (vector 1 2 3 4))
> #f

> procedure (vector-memq v vec) → (or/c natural-number/c #f)
> v : any/c
> vec : vector?

Like vector-member, but finds an element using eq?.

Examples:

> > (vector-memq 2 (vector 1 2 3 4))
> 1
> > (vector-memq 9 (vector 1 2 3 4))
> #f

> > procedure
> > (vector-sort |  | vec |  |  |  |
> > |  | less-than? |  |  |  |
> > | [ | start |  |  |  |
> > |  | end |  |  |  |
> > |  | #:key key |  |  |  |
> > |  | #:cache-keys? cache-keys?]) |  | → |  | vector?
> vec : vector?
> less-than? : (any/c any/c . -> . any/c)
> start : exact-nonnegative-integer? = 0
> end : exact-nonnegative-integer? = (vector-length vec)
> key : (any/c . -> . any/c) = (λ (x) x)
> cache-keys? : boolean? = #f

Like sort, but operates on vectors; a fresh vector of length (- end start) is returned containing the elements from indices start (inclusive) through end (exclusive) of vec, but in sorted order (i.e., vec is not modified). This sort is stable (i.e., the order of “equal” elements is preserved).

Examples:

> > (define v1 (vector 4 3 2 1))
> > (vector-sort v1 <)
> '#(1 2 3 4)
> > v1
> '#(4 3 2 1)
> > (define v2 (vector '(4) '(3) '(2) '(1)))
> > (vector-sort v2 < 1 3 #:key car)
> '#((2) (3))
> > v2
> '#((4) (3) (2) (1))

Added in version 6.6.0.5 of package base.

> > procedure
> > (vector-sort! |  | vec |  |  |  |
> > |  | less-than? |  |  |  |
> > | [ | start |  |  |  |
> > |  | end |  |  |  |
> > |  | #:key key |  |  |  |
> > |  | #:cache-keys? cache-keys?]) |  | → |  | void?
> vec : (and/c vector? (not/c immutable?))
> less-than? : (any/c any/c . -> . any/c)
> start : exact-nonnegative-integer? = 0
> end : exact-nonnegative-integer? = (vector-length vec)
> key : (any/c . -> . any/c) = (λ (x) x)
> cache-keys? : boolean? = #f

Like vector-sort, but updates indices start (inclusive) through end (exclusive) of vec by sorting them according to the less-than? procedure.

Examples:

> > (define v1 (vector 4 3 2 1))
> > (vector-sort! v1 <)
> > v1
> '#(1 2 3 4)
> > (define v2 (vector '(4) '(3) '(2) '(1)))
> > (vector-sort! v2 < 1 3 #:key car)
> > v2
> '#((4) (2) (3) (1))

Added in version 6.6.0.5 of package base.

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