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# MongoCollection::update

(PECL mongo >=0.9.0)

MongoCollection::update — Update records based on a given criteria

### Description

public bool|array MongoCollection::update ( array `$criteria` , array `$new_object` [, array `$options` = array() ] )

### Parameters

`criteria`

  Query criteria for the documents to update.

`new_object`

  The object used to update the matched documents. This may either contain update operators (for modifying specific fields) or be a replacement document.

`options`

  An array of options for the update operation. Currently available options include:

  - "upsert"

    If no document matches `$criteria`, a new document will be inserted.

    If a new document would be inserted and `$new_object` contains atomic modifiers (i.e. $ operators), those operations will be applied to the `$criteria` parameter to create the new document. If `$new_object` does not contain atomic modifiers, it will be used as-is for the inserted document. See the upsert examples below for more information.

  - "multiple"

    All documents matching $criteria will be updated. MongoCollection::update() has exactly the opposite behavior of MongoCollection::remove(): it updates one document by default, not all matching documents. It is recommended that you always specify whether you want to update multiple documents or a single document, as the database may change its default behavior at some point in the future.

  - "fsync"

    Boolean, defaults to `FALSE`. If journaling is enabled, it works exactly like "j". If journaling is not enabled, the write operation blocks until it is synced to database files on disk. If `TRUE`, an acknowledged insert is implied and this option will override setting "w" to 0.

    > Note: If journaling is enabled, users are strongly encouraged to use the "j" option instead of "fsync". Do not use "fsync" and "j" simultaneously, as that will result in an error.

  - "j"

    Boolean, defaults to `FALSE`. Forces the write operation to block until it is synced to the journal on disk. If `TRUE`, an acknowledged write is implied and this option will override setting "w" to 0.

    > Note: If this option is used and journaling is disabled, MongoDB 2.6+ will raise an error and the write will fail; older server versions will simply ignore the option.

  - "socketTimeoutMS"

    This option specifies the time limit, in milliseconds, for socket communication. If the server does not respond within the timeout period, a MongoCursorTimeoutException will be thrown and there will be no way to determine if the server actually handled the write or not. A value of -1 may be specified to block indefinitely. The default value for MongoClient is 30000 (30 seconds).

  - "w"

    See Write Concerns. The default value for MongoClient is 1.

  - "wTimeoutMS"

    This option specifies the time limit, in milliseconds, for write concern acknowledgement. It is only applicable when "w" is greater than 1, as the timeout pertains to replication. If the write concern is not satisfied within the time limit, a MongoCursorException will be thrown. A value of 0 may be specified to block indefinitely. The default value for MongoClient is 10000 (ten seconds).

  The following options are deprecated and should no longer be used:

  - "safe"

    Deprecated. Please use the write concern "w" option.

  - "timeout"

    Deprecated alias for "socketTimeoutMS".

  - "wtimeout"

    Deprecated alias for "wTimeoutMS".

### Return Values

Returns an array containing the status of the update if the "w" option is set. Otherwise, returns `TRUE`.

Fields in the status array are described in the documentation for MongoCollection::insert().

### Errors/Exceptions

Throws MongoCursorException if the "w" option is set and the write fails.

Throws MongoCursorTimeoutException if the "w" option is set to a value greater than one and the operation takes longer than MongoCursor::$timeout milliseconds to complete. This does not kill the operation on the server, it is a client-side timeout. The operation in MongoCollection::$wtimeout is milliseconds.

### Changelog

Version | Description
--- | ---
1.5.0 | Added the "wTimeoutMS" option, which replaces "wtimeout". Emits `E_DEPRECATED` when "wtimeout" is used. Added the "socketTimeoutMS" option, which replaces "timeout". Emits `E_DEPRECATED` when "timeout" is used. Emits `E_DEPRECATED` when "safe" is used.
1.3.4 | Added "wtimeout" option.
1.3.0 | Added "w" option. The `options` parameter no longer accepts a boolean to signify an upsert. Instead, this now has to be done with array('upsert' => true).
1.2.11 | Emits `E_DEPRECATED` when `options` is scalar.
1.2.0 | Added "timeout" option.
1.0.11 | Disconnects on "not master" errors if "safe" is set.
1.0.9 | Added ability to pass integers to the "safe" option, which previously only accepted booleans. Added "fsync" option. The return type was changed to be an array containing error information if the "safe" option is used. Otherwise, a boolean is returned as before.
1.0.5 | Added "safe" option.
1.0.1 | Changed `options` parameter from boolean to array. Pre-1.0.1, the second parameter was an optional boolean value specifying an upsert.

### Examples

Example #1 MongoCollection::update()

Adding an address field to a document.

`<?php
$c->insert(array("firstname" => "Bob", "lastname" => "Jones" ));
$newdata = array('$set' => array("address" => "1 Smith Lane"));
$c->update(array("firstname" => "Bob"), $newdata);
var_dump($c->findOne(array("firstname" => "Bob")));
?>`

The above example will output something similar to:

    array(4) {
      ["_id"]=>
      object(MongoId)#6 (0) {
      }
      ["firstname"]=>
      string(3) "Bob"
      ["lastname"]=>
      string(5) "Jones"
      ["address"]=>
      string(12) "1 Smith Lane"
    }

Example #2 MongoCollection::update() upsert examples

Upserts can simplify code, as a single line can create the document if it does not exist (based on `$criteria`), or update an existing document if it matches.

In the following example, `$new_object` contains an atomic modifier. Since the collection is empty and upsert must insert a new document, it will apply those operations to the `$criteria` parameter in order to create the document.

`<?php
$c->drop();
$c->update(
array("uri" => "/summer_pics"),
array('$inc' => array("page hits" => 1)),
array("upsert" => true)
);
var_dump($c->findOne());
?>`

The above example will output something similar to:

    array(3) {
      ["_id"]=>
      object(MongoId)#9 (0) {
      }
      ["uri"]=>
      string(12) "/summer_pics"
      ["page hits"]=>
      int(1)
    }

If `$new_object` does not contain atomic modifiers (i.e. $ operators), upsert will use `$new_object` as-is for the new document. This matches the behavior of a normal update, where not using atomic modifiers causes the document to be overwritten.

`<?php
$c->drop();
$c->update(
array("name" => "joe"),
array("username" => "joe312", "createdAt" => new MongoDate()),
array("upsert" => true)
);
var_dump($c->findOne());
?>`

The above example will output something similar to:

    array(3) {
      ["_id"]=>
      object(MongoId)#10 (0) {
      }
      ["username"]=>
      string(6) "joe312"
      ["createdAt"]=>
      object(MongoDate)#4 (0) {
      }
    }

Example #3 MongoCollection::update() multiple example

By default, MongoCollection::update() will only update the first document matching `$criteria` that it finds. Using the "multiple" option can override this behavior, if needed.

This example adds a "gift" field to every person whose birthday is in the next day.

`<?php
$today = array('$gt' => new MongoDate(), '$lt' => new MongoDate(strtotime("+1 day")));
$people->update(
array("birthday" => $today),
array('$set' => array('gift' => $surprise)),
array("multiple" => true)
);
?>`

### See Also

The PHP documentation on updates and the » MongoDB core docs.

MongoCollection::__toString
MongoCollection::validate
MongoCollection
PHP Manual