bifunctors-5.4.1: Bifunctors

Copyright | (C) 2011-2015 Edward Kmett
License | BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
Maintainer | Edward Kmett <ekmett@gmail.com>
Stability | provisional
Portability | portable
Safe Haskell | Safe
Language | Haskell98

Data.Bitraversable

Description

Synopsis

- class (Bifunctor t, Bifoldable t) => Bitraversable t where
- bisequenceA :: (Bitraversable t, Applicative f) => t (f a) (f b) -> f (t a b)
- bisequence :: (Bitraversable t, Monad m) => t (m a) (m b) -> m (t a b)
- bimapM :: (Bitraversable t, Monad m) => (a -> m c) -> (b -> m d) -> t a b -> m (t c d)
- bifor :: (Bitraversable t, Applicative f) => t a b -> (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> f (t c d)
- biforM :: (Bitraversable t, Monad m) => t a b -> (a -> m c) -> (b -> m d) -> m (t c d)
- bimapAccumL :: Bitraversable t => (a -> b -> (a, c)) -> (a -> d -> (a, e)) -> a -> t b d -> (a, t c e)
- bimapAccumR :: Bitraversable t => (a -> b -> (a, c)) -> (a -> d -> (a, e)) -> a -> t b d -> (a, t c e)
- bimapDefault :: Bitraversable t => (a -> b) -> (c -> d) -> t a c -> t b d
- bifoldMapDefault :: (Bitraversable t, Monoid m) => (a -> m) -> (b -> m) -> t a b -> m

# Documentation

class (Bifunctor t, Bifoldable t) => Bitraversable t where #

`Bitraversable` identifies bifunctorial data structures whose elements can be traversed in order, performing `Applicative` or `Monad` actions at each element, and collecting a result structure with the same shape.

As opposed to `Traversable` data structures, which have one variety of element on which an action can be performed, `Bitraversable` data structures have two such varieties of elements.

A definition of `traverse` must satisfy the following laws:

naturality
  ``bitraverse` (t . f) (t . g) ≡ t . `bitraverse` f g` for every applicative transformation `t`
identity
  ``bitraverse` `Identity` `Identity` ≡ `Identity``
composition
  ``Compose` . `fmap` (`bitraverse` g1 g2) . `bitraverse` f1 f2 ≡ `traverse` (`Compose` . `fmap` g1 . f1) (`Compose` . `fmap` g2 . f2)`

where an applicative transformation is a function

    t :: (Applicative f, Applicative g) => f a -> g a

preserving the `Applicative` operations:

    t (pure x) = pure x
    t (f <*> x) = t f <*> t x

and the identity functor `Identity` and composition functors `Compose` are defined as

    newtype Identity a = Identity { runIdentity :: a }

    instance Functor Identity where
      fmap f (Identity x) = Identity (f x)

    instance Applicative Identity where
      pure = Identity
      Identity f <*> Identity x = Identity (f x)

    newtype Compose f g a = Compose (f (g a))

    instance (Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (Compose f g) where
      fmap f (Compose x) = Compose (fmap (fmap f) x)

    instance (Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (Compose f g) where
      pure = Compose . pure . pure
      Compose f <*> Compose x = Compose ((<*>) <$> f <*> x)

Some simple examples are `Either` and '(,)':

    instance Bitraversable Either where
      bitraverse f _ (Left x) = Left <$> f x
      bitraverse _ g (Right y) = Right <$> g y

    instance Bitraversable (,) where
      bitraverse f g (x, y) = (,) <$> f x <*> g y

`Bitraversable` relates to its superclasses in the following ways:

    bimap f g ≡ runIdentity . bitraverse (Identity . f) (Identity . g)
    bifoldMap f g = getConst . bitraverse (Const . f) (Const . g)

These are available as `bimapDefault` and `bifoldMapDefault` respectively.

Methods

bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> t a b -> f (t c d) #

Evaluates the relevant functions at each element in the structure, running the action, and builds a new structure with the same shape, using the elements produced from sequencing the actions.

    bitraverse f g ≡ bisequenceA . bimap f g

For a version that ignores the results, see `bitraverse_`.

Instances

Bitraversable Either # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Either a b -> f (Either c d) #
Bitraversable (,) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> (a, b) -> f (c, d) #
Bitraversable Arg # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Arg a b -> f (Arg c d) #
Bitraversable (K1 i) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> K1 i a b -> f (K1 i c d) #
Bitraversable ((,,) x) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> (x, a, b) -> f (x, c, d) #
Bitraversable (Const *) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Const * a b -> f (Const * c d) #
Bitraversable (Tagged *) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Tagged * a b -> f (Tagged * c d) #
Bitraversable (Constant *) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Constant * a b -> f (Constant * c d) #
Bitraversable ((,,,) x y) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> (x, y, a, b) -> f (x, y, c, d) #
Bitraversable ((,,,,) x y z) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> (x, y, z, a, b) -> f (x, y, z, c, d) #
Traversable f => Bitraversable (Clown * * f) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Clown * * f a b -> f (Clown * * f c d) #
Bitraversable p => Bitraversable (Flip * * p) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Flip * * p a b -> f (Flip * * p c d) #
Traversable g => Bitraversable (Joker * * g) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Joker * * g a b -> f (Joker * * g c d) #
Bitraversable p => Bitraversable (WrappedBifunctor * * p) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> WrappedBifunctor * * p a b -> f (WrappedBifunctor * * p c d) #
Bitraversable ((,,,,,) x y z w) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> (x, y, z, w, a, b) -> f (x, y, z, w, c, d) #
(Bitraversable p, Bitraversable q) => Bitraversable (Sum * * p q) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Sum * * p q a b -> f (Sum * * p q c d) #
(Bitraversable f, Bitraversable g) => Bitraversable (Product * * f g) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Product * * f g a b -> f (Product * * f g c d) #
Bitraversable ((,,,,,,) x y z w v) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> (x, y, z, w, v, a, b) -> f (x, y, z, w, v, c, d) #
(Traversable f, Bitraversable p) => Bitraversable (Tannen * * * f p) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Tannen * * * f p a b -> f (Tannen * * * f p c d) #
(Bitraversable p, Traversable f, Traversable g) => Bitraversable (Biff * * * * p f g) # |
Methods bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Biff * * * * p f g a b -> f (Biff * * * * p f g c d) #

bisequenceA :: (Bitraversable t, Applicative f) => t (f a) (f b) -> f (t a b) #

Sequences all the actions in a structure, building a new structure with the same shape using the results of the actions. For a version that ignores the results, see `bisequenceA_`.

    bisequenceA ≡ bitraverse id id

bisequence :: (Bitraversable t, Monad m) => t (m a) (m b) -> m (t a b) #

As `bisequenceA`, but uses evidence that `m` is a `Monad` rather than an `Applicative`. For a version that ignores the results, see `bisequence_`.

    bisequence ≡ bimapM id id
    bisequence ≡ unwrapMonad . bisequenceA . bimap WrapMonad WrapMonad

bimapM :: (Bitraversable t, Monad m) => (a -> m c) -> (b -> m d) -> t a b -> m (t c d) #

As `bitraverse`, but uses evidence that `m` is a `Monad` rather than an `Applicative`. For a version that ignores the results, see `bimapM_`.

    bimapM f g ≡ bisequence . bimap f g
    bimapM f g ≡ unwrapMonad . bitraverse (WrapMonad . f) (WrapMonad . g)

bifor :: (Bitraversable t, Applicative f) => t a b -> (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> f (t c d) #

`bifor` is `bitraverse` with the structure as the first argument. For a version that ignores the results, see `bifor_`.

biforM :: (Bitraversable t, Monad m) => t a b -> (a -> m c) -> (b -> m d) -> m (t c d) #

`biforM` is `bimapM` with the structure as the first argument. For a version that ignores the results, see `biforM_`.

bimapAccumL :: Bitraversable t => (a -> b -> (a, c)) -> (a -> d -> (a, e)) -> a -> t b d -> (a, t c e) #

The `bimapAccumL` function behaves like a combination of `bimap` and `bifoldl`; it traverses a structure from left to right, threading a state of type `a` and using the given actions to compute new elements for the structure.

bimapAccumR :: Bitraversable t => (a -> b -> (a, c)) -> (a -> d -> (a, e)) -> a -> t b d -> (a, t c e) #

The `bimapAccumR` function behaves like a combination of `bimap` and `bifoldl`; it traverses a structure from right to left, threading a state of type `a` and using the given actions to compute new elements for the structure.

bimapDefault :: Bitraversable t => (a -> b) -> (c -> d) -> t a c -> t b d #

A default definition of `bimap` in terms of the `Bitraversable` operations.

bifoldMapDefault :: (Bitraversable t, Monoid m) => (a -> m) -> (b -> m) -> t a b -> m #

A default definition of `bifoldMap` in terms of the `Bitraversable` operations.