# Default configuration file documentation

This document explains the default `rc.lua` file provided by Awesome.

The Awesome API is distributed across many libraries (also called modules).

Here are the modules that we import:

`gears` | Utilities such as color parsing and objects
wibox | Awesome own generic widget framework
`awful` | Everything related to window managment
naughty | Notifications
menubar | XDG (application) menu implementation
beautiful | Awesome theme module

Standard awesome library

    local gears = require("gears")
    local awful = require("awful")
    require("awful.autofocus")

Widget and layout library

    local wibox = require("wibox")

Theme handling library

    local beautiful = require("beautiful")

Notification library

    local naughty = require("naughty")
    local menubar = require("menubar")
    local hotkeys_popup = require("awful.hotkeys_popup").widget

## Error handling

Awesome is a window managing framework. It allows its users great (ultimate?) flexibility. However, it also allows the user to write invalid code. Here's a non-exhaustive list of possible errors:

- Syntax: There is an `awesome -k` option available in the command line to check the configuration file. Awesome cannot start with an invalid `rc.lua`
- Invalid APIs and type errors: Lua is a dynamic language. It doesn't have much support for static/compile time checks. There is the `luacheck` utility to help find some categories of errors. Those errors will cause Awesome to "drop" the current call stack and start over. Note that if it cannot reach the end of the `rc.lua` without errors, it will fall back to the original file.
- Invalid logic: It is possible to write fully valid code that will render Awesome unusable (like an infinite loop or blocking commands). In that case, the best way to debug this is either using `print()` or using `gdb`. For this, see the Debugging tips Readme section
- Deprecated APIs: The Awesome API is not frozen for eternity. After a decade of development and recent changes to enforce consistency, it hasn't changed much. This doesn't mean it won't change in the future. Whenever possible, changes won't cause errors but will instead print a deprecation message in the Awesome logs. These logs are placed in various places depending on the distribution. By default, Awesome will print errors on `stderr` and `stdout`.

Check if awesome encountered an error during startup and fell back to another config (This code will only ever execute for the fallback config)

    if awesome.startup_errors then
        naughty.notify({ preset = naughty.config.presets.critical,
                         title = "Oops, there were errors during startup!",
                         text = awesome.startup_errors })
    end

Handle runtime errors after startup

    do
        local in_error = false
        awesome.connect_signal("debug::error", function (err)
            -- Make sure we don't go into an endless error loop
            if in_error then return end
            in_error = true

            naughty.notify({ preset = naughty.config.presets.critical,
                             title = "Oops, an error happened!",
                             text = tostring(err) })
            in_error = false
        end)
    end

## Variable definitions

To create custom themes, the easiest way is to copy the `default` theme folder from `/usr/share/awesome/themes/` into `~/.config/awesome` and modify it.

Awesome currently doesn't behave well without a theme containing all the "basic" variables such as `bg_normal`. To get a list of all official variables, see the appearance guide. Themes define colours, icons, font and wallpapers.

    beautiful.init(awful.util.get_themes_dir() .. "default/theme.lua")

This is used later as the default terminal and editor to run.

    terminal = "xterm"
    editor = os.getenv("EDITOR") or "nano"
    editor_cmd = terminal .. " -e " .. editor

Default modkey. Usually, Mod4 is the key with a logo between Control and Alt. If you do not like this or do not have such a key, I suggest you to remap Mod4 to another key using xmodmap or other tools. However, you can use another modifier like Mod1, but it may interact with others.

    modkey = "Mod4"

Table of layouts to cover with awful.layout.inc, order matters.

    awful.layout.layouts = {
        awful.layout.suit.floating,
        awful.layout.suit.tile,
        awful.layout.suit.tile.left,
        awful.layout.suit.tile.bottom,
        awful.layout.suit.tile.top,
        awful.layout.suit.fair,
        awful.layout.suit.fair.horizontal,
        awful.layout.suit.spiral,
        awful.layout.suit.spiral.dwindle,
        awful.layout.suit.max,
        awful.layout.suit.max.fullscreen,
        awful.layout.suit.magnifier,
        awful.layout.suit.corner.nw,
        -- awful.layout.suit.corner.ne,
        -- awful.layout.suit.corner.sw,
        -- awful.layout.suit.corner.se,
    }

## Helper functions

    local function client_menu_toggle_fn()
        local instance = nil

        return function ()
            if instance and instance.wibox.visible then
                instance:hide()
                instance = nil
            else
                instance = awful.menu.clients({ theme = { width = 250 } })
            end
        end
    end

## Menu

Create a launcher widget and a main menu

    myawesomemenu = {
       { "hotkeys", function() return false, hotkeys_popup.show_help end},
       { "manual", terminal .. " -e man awesome" },
       { "edit config", editor_cmd .. " " .. awesome.conffile },
       { "restart", awesome.restart },
       { "quit", function() awesome.quit() end}
    }

    mymainmenu = awful.menu({ items = { { "awesome", myawesomemenu, beautiful.awesome_icon },
                                        { "open terminal", terminal }
                                      }
                            })

    mylauncher = awful.widget.launcher({ image = beautiful.awesome_icon,
                                         menu = mymainmenu })

Menubar configuration

    menubar.utils.terminal = terminal -- Set the terminal for applications that require it

Keyboard map indicator and switcher

    mykeyboardlayout = awful.widget.keyboardlayout()

## Wibar

Create a textclock widget

    mytextclock = wibox.widget.textclock()

Create a wibox for each screen and add it

    local taglist_buttons = awful.util.table.join(
                        awful.button({ }, 1, function(t) t:view_only() end),
                        awful.button({ modkey }, 1, function(t)
                                                  if client.focus then
                                                      client.focus:move_to_tag(t)
                                                  end
                                              end),
                        awful.button({ }, 3, awful.tag.viewtoggle),
                        awful.button({ modkey }, 3, function(t)
                                                  if client.focus then
                                                      client.focus:toggle_tag(t)
                                                  end
                                              end),
                        awful.button({ }, 4, function(t) awful.tag.viewnext(t.screen) end),
                        awful.button({ }, 5, function(t) awful.tag.viewprev(t.screen) end)
                    )

    local tasklist_buttons = awful.util.table.join(
                         awful.button({ }, 1, function (c)
                                                  if c == client.focus then
                                                      c.minimized = true
                                                  else
                                                      -- Without this, the following
                                                      -- :isvisible() makes no sense
                                                      c.minimized = false
                                                      if not c:isvisible() and c.first_tag then
                                                          c.first_tag:view_only()
                                                      end
                                                      -- This will also un-minimize
                                                      -- the client, if needed
                                                      client.focus = c
                                                      c:raise()
                                                  end
                                              end),
                         awful.button({ }, 3, client_menu_toggle_fn()),
                         awful.button({ }, 4, function ()
                                                  awful.client.focus.byidx(1)
                                              end),
                         awful.button({ }, 5, function ()
                                                  awful.client.focus.byidx(-1)
                                              end))

    local function set_wallpaper(s)
        -- Wallpaper
        if beautiful.wallpaper then
            local wallpaper = beautiful.wallpaper
            -- If wallpaper is a function, call it with the screen
            if type(wallpaper) == "function" then
                wallpaper = wallpaper(s)
            end
            gears.wallpaper.maximized(wallpaper, s, true)
        end
    end

Re-set wallpaper when a screen's geometry changes (e.g. different resolution)

    screen.connect_signal("property::geometry", set_wallpaper)

    awful.screen.connect_for_each_screen(function(s)
        -- Wallpaper
        set_wallpaper(s)

        -- Each screen has its own tag table.
        awful.tag({ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" }, s, awful.layout.layouts[1])

        -- Create a promptbox for each screen
        s.mypromptbox = awful.widget.prompt()
        -- Create an imagebox widget which will contains an icon indicating which layout we're using.
        -- We need one layoutbox per screen.
        s.mylayoutbox = awful.widget.layoutbox(s)
        s.mylayoutbox:buttons(awful.util.table.join(
                               awful.button({ }, 1, function () awful.layout.inc( 1) end),
                               awful.button({ }, 3, function () awful.layout.inc(-1) end),
                               awful.button({ }, 4, function () awful.layout.inc( 1) end),
                               awful.button({ }, 5, function () awful.layout.inc(-1) end)))
        -- Create a taglist widget
        s.mytaglist = awful.widget.taglist(s, awful.widget.taglist.filter.all, taglist_buttons)

        -- Create a tasklist widget
        s.mytasklist = awful.widget.tasklist(s, awful.widget.tasklist.filter.currenttags, tasklist_buttons)

    -- Create the wibox
    s.mywibox = awful.wibar({ position = "top", screen = s })

    -- Add widgets to the wibox
    s.mywibox:setup {
        layout = wibox.layout.align.horizontal,
        { -- Left widgets
            layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal,
            mylauncher,
            s.mytaglist,
            s.mypromptbox,
        },
        s.mytasklist, -- Middle widget
        { -- Right widgets
            layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal,
            mykeyboardlayout,
            wibox.widget.systray(),
            mytextclock,
            s.mylayoutbox,
        },
    }

## Mouse bindings

    root.buttons(awful.util.table.join(
        awful.button({ }, 3, function () mymainmenu:toggle() end),
        awful.button({ }, 4, awful.tag.viewnext),
        awful.button({ }, 5, awful.tag.viewprev)
    ))

## Key bindings

This section stores the global keybindings. A global keybinding is a shortcut that will be executed when the key is pressed. It is different from client keybindings. A client keybinding only works when a client is focused while a global one works all the time.

Each keybinding is stored in an awful.key object. When creating such an object, you need to provide a list of modifiers, a key or keycode, a callback function and extra metadata used for the awful.hotkeys_popup widget.

Common modifiers are:

Name | Description
--- | ---
Mod4 | Also called Super, Windows and Command ⌘
Mod1 | Usually called Alt on PCs and Option on Macs
Shift | Both left and right shift keys
Control | Also called CTRL on some keyboards

Note that both `Mod2` and `Lock` are ignored by default. If you wish to use them, add `awful.key.ignore_modifiers = {}` to your `rc.lua`. `Mod3`, `Mod5` are usually not bound in most leyboard layouts. There is an X11 utility called `xmodmap` to bind them. See the ARCH Linux Wiki for more information.

The key or keycode is usually the same as the keyboard key, for example:

- "a"
- "Return"
- "Shift_R"

Each key also has a code. This code depends on the exact keyboard layout. It can be obtained by reading the terminal output of the `xev` command. A keycode based keybinding will look like `#123` where 123 is the keycode.

The callback has to be a function. Note that a function isn't the same as a function call. If you use, for example, `awful.tag.viewtoggle()` as the callback, you store the result of the function. If you wish to use that function as a callback, just use `awful.tag.viewtoggle`. The same applies to methods. If you have to add parameters to the callback, wrap them in another function. For the toggle example, this would be `function() awful.tag.viewtoggle(mouse.screen.tags[1]) end`.

Note that global keybinding callbacks have no argument. If you wish to act on the current client, use the client keybindings table.

    globalkeys = awful.util.table.join(
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "s",      hotkeys_popup.show_help,
                  {description="show help", group="awesome"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Left",   awful.tag.viewprev,
                  {description = "view previous", group = "tag"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Right",  awful.tag.viewnext,
                  {description = "view next", group = "tag"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Escape", awful.tag.history.restore,
                  {description = "go back", group = "tag"}),

        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "j",
            function ()
                awful.client.focus.byidx( 1)
            end,
            {description = "focus next by index", group = "client"}
        ),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "k",
            function ()
                awful.client.focus.byidx(-1)
            end,
            {description = "focus previous by index", group = "client"}
        ),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "w", function () mymainmenu:show() end,
                  {description = "show main menu", group = "awesome"}),

        -- Layout manipulation
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "j", function () awful.client.swap.byidx(  1)    end,
                  {description = "swap with next client by index", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "k", function () awful.client.swap.byidx( -1)    end,
                  {description = "swap with previous client by index", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "j", function () awful.screen.focus_relative( 1) end,
                  {description = "focus the next screen", group = "screen"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "k", function () awful.screen.focus_relative(-1) end,
                  {description = "focus the previous screen", group = "screen"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "u", awful.client.urgent.jumpto,
                  {description = "jump to urgent client", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Tab",
            function ()
                awful.client.focus.history.previous()
                if client.focus then
                    client.focus:raise()
                end
            end,
            {description = "go back", group = "client"}),

        -- Standard program
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Return", function () awful.spawn(terminal) end,
                  {description = "open a terminal", group = "launcher"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "r", awesome.restart,
                  {description = "reload awesome", group = "awesome"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "q", awesome.quit,
                  {description = "quit awesome", group = "awesome"}),

        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "l",     function () awful.tag.incmwfact( 0.05)          end,
                  {description = "increase master width factor", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "h",     function () awful.tag.incmwfact(-0.05)          end,
                  {description = "decrease master width factor", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "h",     function () awful.tag.incnmaster( 1, nil, true) end,
                  {description = "increase the number of master clients", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "l",     function () awful.tag.incnmaster(-1, nil, true) end,
                  {description = "decrease the number of master clients", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "h",     function () awful.tag.incncol( 1, nil, true)    end,
                  {description = "increase the number of columns", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "l",     function () awful.tag.incncol(-1, nil, true)    end,
                  {description = "decrease the number of columns", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "space", function () awful.layout.inc( 1)                end,
                  {description = "select next", group = "layout"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "space", function () awful.layout.inc(-1)                end,
                  {description = "select previous", group = "layout"}),

        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "n",
                  function ()
                      local c = awful.client.restore()
                      -- Focus restored client
                      if c then
                          client.focus = c
                          c:raise()
                      end
                  end,
                  {description = "restore minimized", group = "client"}),

        -- Prompt
        awful.key({ modkey },            "r",     function () awful.screen.focused().mypromptbox:run() end,
                  {description = "run prompt", group = "launcher"}),

        awful.key({ modkey }, "x",
                  function ()
                      awful.prompt.run {
                        prompt       = "Run Lua code: ",
                        textbox      = awful.screen.focused().mypromptbox.widget,
                        exe_callback = awful.util.eval,
                        history_path = awful.util.get_cache_dir() .. "/history_eval"
                      }
                  end,
                  {description = "lua execute prompt", group = "awesome"}),
        -- Menubar
        awful.key({ modkey }, "p", function() menubar.show() end,
                  {description = "show the menubar", group = "launcher"})
    )

A client keybinding is a shortcut that will get the currently focused client as its first callback argument. For example, to toggle a property, the callback will look like `function(c) c.sticky = not c.sticky end`. For more information about the keybinding syntax, see the global keybindings section.

    clientkeys = awful.util.table.join(
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "f",
            function (c)
                c.fullscreen = not c.fullscreen
                c:raise()
            end,
            {description = "toggle fullscreen", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "c",      function (c) c:kill()                         end,
                  {description = "close", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "space",  awful.client.floating.toggle                     ,
                  {description = "toggle floating", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "Return", function (c) c:swap(awful.client.getmaster()) end,
                  {description = "move to master", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "o",      function (c) c:move_to_screen()               end,
                  {description = "move to screen", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "t",      function (c) c.ontop = not c.ontop            end,
                  {description = "toggle keep on top", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "n",
            function (c)
                -- The client currently has the input focus, so it cannot be
                -- minimized, since minimized clients can't have the focus.
                c.minimized = true
            end ,
            {description = "minimize", group = "client"}),
        awful.key({ modkey,           }, "m",
            function (c)
                c.maximized = not c.maximized
                c:raise()
            end ,
            {description = "maximize", group = "client"})
    )

Bind all key numbers to tags. Be careful: we use keycodes to make it works on any keyboard layout. This should map on the top row of your keyboard, usually 1 to 9.

    for i = 1, 9 do
        globalkeys = awful.util.table.join(globalkeys,
            -- View tag only.
            awful.key({ modkey }, "#" .. i + 9,
                      function ()
                            local screen = awful.screen.focused()
                            local tag = screen.tags[i]
                            if tag then
                               tag:view_only()
                            end
                      end,
                      {description = "view tag #"..i, group = "tag"}),
            -- Toggle tag display.
            awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "#" .. i + 9,
                      function ()
                          local screen = awful.screen.focused()
                          local tag = screen.tags[i]
                          if tag then
                             awful.tag.viewtoggle(tag)
                          end
                      end,
                      {description = "toggle tag #" .. i, group = "tag"}),
            -- Move client to tag.
            awful.key({ modkey, "Shift" }, "#" .. i + 9,
                      function ()
                          if client.focus then
                              local tag = client.focus.screen.tags[i]
                              if tag then
                                  client.focus:move_to_tag(tag)
                              end
                         end
                      end,
                      {description = "move focused client to tag #"..i, group = "tag"}),
            -- Toggle tag on focused client.
            awful.key({ modkey, "Control", "Shift" }, "#" .. i + 9,
                      function ()
                          if client.focus then
                              local tag = client.focus.screen.tags[i]
                              if tag then
                                  client.focus:toggle_tag(tag)
                              end
                          end
                      end,
                      {description = "toggle focused client on tag #" .. i, group = "tag"})
        )
    end

    clientbuttons = awful.util.table.join(
        awful.button({ }, 1, function (c) client.focus = c; c:raise() end),
        awful.button({ modkey }, 1, awful.mouse.client.move),
        awful.button({ modkey }, 3, awful.mouse.client.resize))

Set keys

    root.keys(globalkeys)

## Rules

Rules to apply to new clients (through the "manage" signal).

    awful.rules.rules = {

    -- All clients will match this rule.
    { rule = { },
      properties = { border_width = beautiful.border_width,
                     border_color = beautiful.border_normal,
                     focus = awful.client.focus.filter,
                     raise = true,
                     keys = clientkeys,
                     buttons = clientbuttons,
                     screen = awful.screen.preferred,
                     placement = awful.placement.no_overlap+awful.placement.no_offscreen
     }
    },

    -- Floating clients.
    { rule_any = {
        instance = {
          "DTA",  -- Firefox addon DownThemAll.
          "copyq",  -- Includes session name in class.
        },
        class = {
          "Arandr",
          "Gpick",
          "Kruler",
          "MessageWin",  -- kalarm.
          "Sxiv",
          "Wpa_gui",
          "pinentry",
          "veromix",
          "xtightvncviewer"},

        name = {
          "Event Tester",  -- xev.
        },
        role = {
          "AlarmWindow",  -- Thunderbird's calendar.
          "pop-up",       -- e.g. Google Chrome's (detached) Developer Tools.
        }
      }, properties = { floating = true }},

    -- Add titlebars to normal clients and dialogs
    { rule_any = {type = { "normal", "dialog" }
      }, properties = { titlebars_enabled = true }
    },

    -- Set Firefox to always map on the tag named "2" on screen 1.
    -- { rule = { class = "Firefox" },
    --   properties = { screen = 1, tag = "2" } },

## Signals

Signal function to execute when a new client appears.

    client.connect_signal("manage", function (c)
        -- Set the windows at the slave,
        -- i.e. put it at the end of others instead of setting it master.
        -- if not awesome.startup then awful.client.setslave(c) end

        if awesome.startup and
          not c.size_hints.user_position
          and not c.size_hints.program_position then
            -- Prevent clients from being unreachable after screen count changes.
            awful.placement.no_offscreen(c)
        end
    end)

Add a titlebar if titlebars_enabled is set to true in the rules.

    client.connect_signal("request::titlebars", function(c)
        -- buttons for the titlebar
        local buttons = awful.util.table.join(
            awful.button({ }, 1, function()
                client.focus = c
                c:raise()
                awful.mouse.client.move(c)
            end),
            awful.button({ }, 3, function()
                client.focus = c
                c:raise()
                awful.mouse.client.resize(c)
            end)
        )

        awful.titlebar(c) : setup {
            { -- Left
                awful.titlebar.widget.iconwidget(c),
                buttons = buttons,
                layout  = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal
            },
            { -- Middle
                { -- Title
                    align  = "center",
                    widget = awful.titlebar.widget.titlewidget(c)
                },
                buttons = buttons,
                layout  = wibox.layout.flex.horizontal
            },
            { -- Right
                awful.titlebar.widget.floatingbutton (c),
                awful.titlebar.widget.maximizedbutton(c),
                awful.titlebar.widget.stickybutton   (c),
                awful.titlebar.widget.ontopbutton    (c),
                awful.titlebar.widget.closebutton    (c),
                layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal()
            },
            layout = wibox.layout.align.horizontal
        }
    end)

Enable sloppy focus, so that focus follows mouse.

    client.connect_signal("mouse::enter", function(c)
        if awful.layout.get(c.screen) ~= awful.layout.suit.magnifier
            and awful.client.focus.filter(c) then
            client.focus = c
        end
    end)

    client.connect_signal("focus", function(c) c.border_color = beautiful.border_focus end)
    client.connect_signal("unfocus", function(c) c.border_color = beautiful.border_normal end)

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