# Xmodmap (简体中文)

相关文章

- Xorg
- Extra keyboard keys
- Extra keyboard keys in Xorg
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Xmodmap is a utility for modifying keymaps and pointer button mappings in Xorg.

## 介绍

在每次按下键盘时， Linux 内核都会生成一个 Code。 Code 同 `keycodes表` 比较，然后决定按下的是什么。

而 Xorg 使用自己的 Keycodes表 来参与这个过程。 每一个 Keycode 属于一个 `keysym`。 一个 keysym 就像一个 function 被 Keycode 调用执行。 Xmodmap 允许你编辑 keycode-keysym 之间的关系。

## Keymap表

以可被解释的格式打印当前 Keymap表，

    $ xmodmap -pke

    keycode  57 = n N

每条 Keymap 之后都跟随要被映射的 `keysyms`。 下面的例子表明 keycode `57` 被映射到小写 n, 同时大写 N 映射于 `57` + `Shift`

每个 keysym列 都对应指定的键组合：

1. `Key`
2. `Shift+Key`
3. `mode_switch+Key`
4. `mode_switch+Shift+Key`
5. `AltGr+Key`
6. `AltGr+Shift+Key`

在 keysym组合 没有被指定时， 使用 `NoSymbol` 代替。

使用 xev 来查看每个键对应的 keymap.

Tip: There are predefined descriptive keycodes that make mapping additional keys easier (e.g. `XF86AudioMute`, `XF86Mail`). Those keycodes can be found in: `/usr/include/X11/XF86keysym.h`

## Custom table

You can create your own map and store it in your home directory (i.e. `~/.Xmodmap`). Print the current keymap table into a configuration file:

    xmodmap -pke > ~/.Xmodmap

Make the desired changes to `~/.Xmodmap` and then test the new configuration with:

    xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

To activate your custom table when starting Xorg add the following:

    ~/.xinitrc

    if [ -f $HOME/.Xmodmap ]; then
        /usr/bin/xmodmap $HOME/.Xmodmap
    fi

Alternatively, edit the global startup script `/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc`.

### Test changes

You can also make temporary changes for the current session. For example:

    xmodmap -e "keycode  46 = l L l L lstroke Lstroke lstroke"
    xmodmap -e "keysym a = e E"

## Special keys/signals

You can also also edit the keys: `Shift`, `Ctrl`, `Alt` and `Super` (there always exists a left and a right one (Alt_R=AltGr))

At first you have to delete/clear the signals that should be edited. In the beginning of your `~/.Xmodmap`:

    !clear Shift
    !clear Lock
    clear Control
    !clear Mod1
    !clear Mod2
    !clear Mod3
    clear Mod4
    !clear Mod5
    keycode   8 =
    ...

Remember, `!` is a comment so only `Control` and `Mod4` (Standard: Super_L Super_R) get cleared.

Write the new signals at the end of `~/.Xmodmap`

    keycode 255 =
    !add Shift   = Shift_L Shift_R
    !add Lock    = Caps_Lock
    add Control = Super_L Super_R
    !add Mod1    = Alt_L Alt_R
    !add Mod2    = Mode_switch
    !add Mod3    =
    add Mod4    = Control_L Control_R
    !add Mod5    =

The `Super` keys have now been exchanged with the `Ctrl` keys.

附加一个将`CapsLock`映射成`Control`, `Shift+CapsLock`映射成`CapsLock`的例子： `~/.Xmodmap`

    clear lock
    clear control
    add control = Caps_Lock Control_L Control_R
    keycode 66 = Control_L Caps_Lock NoSymbol NoSymbol

## Reverse Scrolling

The natural scrolling feature available in OS X Lion can be mimicked with xmodmap. Since the synaptics driver uses the buttons 4/5/6/7 for up/down/left/right scrolling, you simply need to swap the order of how the buttons are declared in `~/.Xmodmap`.

Open `~/.Xmodmap` and append the following line to the file:

    pointer = 1 2 3 5 4 7 6 8 9 10 11 12

Note how the 4 and 5 have been reversed.

Then update xmodmap:

    xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

To return to regular scrolling simply reverse the order of the 4 and 5 or delete the line altogether. For more information check Peter Hutterer's post, Natural scrolling in the synaptics driver, or the Reverse scrolling direction ala Mac OS X Lion? forum thread.

## Additional resources

- Current man page at X.Org Foundation
- Multimediakeys with .Xmodmap HOWTO by Christian Weiske
- Mapping unsupported keys with xmodmap by Pascal Bleser
- How to retrieve scancodes by Marvin Raaijmakers
- List of Keysyms Recognised by Xmodmap on LinuxQuestions

Categories:

- Input devices (简体中文)
- X server (简体中文)