# Dm-crypt/Mounting at login

< Dm-crypt

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- pam_mount

Back to Dm-crypt/Encrypting a non-root file system

It is possible to configure PAM and systemd to automatically mount a dm-crypt encrypted home partition when its owner logs in, and to unmount it when he logs out.

## General idea

We're going to save the user's password during the PAM authentication phase, and put it into the kernel's keyring. Next, we're going to use it in a systemd service, started automatically before systemd's own user@.service, to unlock and mount the partition at the correct place.

When the user logs out, systemd will stop user@.service, and (because of a dependency) our service too - unmounting and locking the partition.

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: The instructions do not explain how to use `cryptsetup luksFormat` for the given user's home directory. This needs to be done via keyctl pipe as well. (Discuss in Talk:Dm-crypt/Mounting at login#Questions)

## Helper scripts

You need 3 helper scripts:

### /usr/local/bin/savepass

Script that saves the pam-provided password in the kernel's keyring (for root user).

    /usr/local/bin/savepass

    #!/bin/sh
    exec keyctl padd user user:`id -u $PAM_USER` @u

### /usr/local/bin/securemount

Script that unlocks given device with a key obtained from the kernel's keyring, and mounts it at the given place.

    /usr/local/bin/securemount

    #!/bin/sh
    set -e
    KEYNAME=$1
    DEVICE=$2
    TARGET=$3
    DEC_DEVICE_NAME=$(/usr/bin/systemd-escape -p `/usr/bin/realpath $DEVICE`)
    DEC_DEVICE=/dev/mapper/$DEC_DEVICE_NAME

    /usr/bin/keyctl pipe `/usr/bin/keyctl request user $KEYNAME` | /usr/bin/cryptsetup open $DEVICE $DEC_DEVICE_NAME -d -
    /usr/bin/mount $DEC_DEVICE $TARGET

### /usr/local/bin/secureumount

Script that unmounts and closes the encrypted device.

    /usr/local/bin/secureumount

    #!/bin/sh
    set -e
    TARGET=$1
    DEC_DEVICE=$(cat /proc/mounts | grep " $TARGET " | cut -d " " -f 1)

    /usr/bin/umount $TARGET
    /usr/bin/cryptsetup close $DEC_DEVICE

## PAM configuration

Add `auth optional pam_exec.so expose_authtok /usr/local/bin/savepass` before `auth optional pam_permit.so`:

    /etc/pam.d/system-auth

    #%PAM-1.0

    auth      required  pam_unix.so     try_first_pass nullok
    auth      optional  pam_exec.so     expose_authtok /usr/local/bin/savepass
    auth      optional  pam_permit.so
    auth      required  pam_env.so

    account   required  pam_unix.so
    account   optional  pam_permit.so
    account   required  pam_time.so

    password  required  pam_unix.so     try_first_pass nullok sha512 shadow
    password  optional  pam_permit.so

    session   required  pam_limits.so
    session   required  pam_unix.so
    session   optional  pam_permit.so

## systemd service

Create a new service file in the /etc/systemd/system directory. Replace 123 with the user's ID, /home/xyz with the path you want to mount the partition at, and both c139ae70\x2d5861\x2d4084\x2d84b1\x2d7d83f7bb7129 and c139ae70-5861-4084-84b1-7d83f7bb7129 with the UUID of the encrypted partition. Note, that in the first case you need to use \x2d in place of all - signs.

    /etc/systemd/system/homedir@123.service

    [Unit]
    Description=Home Directory for %I
    DefaultDependencies=no
    Conflicts=umount.target
    IgnoreOnIsolate=true
    Before=user@%i.service
    Requires=user@%i.service
    BindsTo=dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c139ae70\x2d5861\x2d4084\x2d84b1\x2d7d83f7bb7129.device
    After=dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c139ae70\x2d5861\x2d4084\x2d84b1\x2d7d83f7bb7129.device
    Before=umount.target

    [Service]
    Type=oneshot
    RemainAfterExit=yes
    TimeoutSec=0
    ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/securemount user:%i /dev/disk/by-uuid/c139ae70-5861-4084-84b1-7d83f7bb7129 /home/xyz
    ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/secureumount /home/xyz

    [Install]
    RequiredBy=user@%i.service

Finally, enable the service.

    systemctl enable homedir@123.service

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