# Running X apps as root

By default, and for security reasons, root will be unable to connect to a non-root user's X server. There are multiple ways of allowing root to do so, if it is necessary.

## The most secure methods

The most secure methods are simple. They include:

- kdesu (included with KDE)

    $ kdesu name-of-app

- gksu (included with GNOME)

    $ gksu name-of-app

- bashrun (in community)

    $ bashrun --su name-of-app

- sudo (must be installed and properly configured with `visudo`)

    $ sudo name-of-app

- suxAUR (wrapper around su which will transfer your X credentials)

    $ sux root name-of-app

These are the preferred methods, because they automatically exit when the application exits, negating any security risks quite completely.

## Alternate methods

These methods will allow root to connect to a non-root user's X server, but present varying levels of security risks, especially if you run ssh. If you are behind a firewall, you may consider them to be safe enough for your requirements.

- Temporarily allow root access

  - xhost

    $ xhost +

will temporarily allow root, or anyone to connect your X server. Likewise,

    $ xhost -

will disallow this function afterward.

Some users also use:

    $ xhost + localhost

(Your X server must be configured to listen to TCP connections for `xhost + localhost` to work).

- Permanently allow root access

  Method 1: Add the line

`session optional pam_xauth.so`

to `/etc/pam.d/su` and `/etc/pam.d/su-l`. Then switch to your root user using 'su' or 'su -'.

  Method 2: Globally in `/etc/profile`

Add the following to `/etc/profile`

    export XAUTHORITY=/home/non-root-usersname/.Xauthority

This will permanently allow root to connect to a non-root user's X server.

Or, merely specify a particular app:

    export XAUTHORITY=/home/usersname/.Xauthority kwrite

(to allow root to access kwrite, for instance.)

Category:

- X server