# Extra keyboard keys

Related articles

- Extra keyboard keys in Xorg
- Extra keyboard keys in console
- Keyboard configuration in Xorg
- Keyboard configuration in console
- Map scancodes to keycodes
- Xmodmap

Many keyboards include some special keys (also called hotkeys or multimedia keys), which are supposed to execute an application or print special characters (not included in the standard national keymaps). udev contains a large database of mappings specific to individual keyboards, so common keyboards usually work out of the box. If you have very recent or uncommon piece of hardware, you may need to adjust the mapping manually.

Prerequisite for modifying the key mapping is knowing how the keys are identified on the system. There are multiple levels:

- A scancode is the lowest identification number for a key, it is the value that a keyboard sends to a computer.
- A keycode is the second level of identification for a key, a keycode corresponds to a function.
- A keysym is the third level of identification for a key, it corresponds to a symbol. It may depend on whether the Shift key or another modifier key was also pressed.

Scancodes are mapped to keycodes, which are then mapped to keysyms depending on used keyboard layout. Most of your keys should already have a keycode, or at least a scancode. Keys without a scancode are not recognized by the kernel; these can include additional keys from 'gaming' keyboards, etc.

In Xorg, some keysyms (e.g. `XF86AudioPlay`, `XF86AudioRaiseVolume` etc.) can be mapped to actions (i.e. launching an external application). See Extra keyboard keys in Xorg#Mapping keysyms to actions for details.

In Linux console, some keysyms (e.g. `F1` to `F246`) can be mapped to certain actions (e.g. switch to other console or print some sequence of characters). See Extra keyboard keys in console for details.

## Identifying key codes

### Scancodes

#### Using showkey

The traditional way to get a scancode is to use the showkey utility. showkey waits for a key to be pressed, or exits if no keys are pressed within 10 seconds. For showkey to work you need to be in a virtual console, not in a graphical environment or logged in via a network connection. Run the following command:

    # showkey --scancodes

and try to push keyboard keys; you should see scancodes being printed to the output.

#### Using evtest

For USB keyboards, it is apparently necessary to use evtest from the evtest package instead of showkey:[1]

    # evtest /dev/input/event12
    ...
    Event: time 1434666536.001123, type 4 (EV_MSC), code 4 (MSC_SCAN), value 70053
    Event: time 1434666536.001123, type 1 (EV_KEY), code 69 (KEY_NUMLOCK), value 0
    Event: time 1434666536.001123, -------------- EV_SYN ------------

Use the "value" field of `MSC_SCAN`. This example shows that NumLock has scancode 70053 and keycode 69.

#### Using dmesg

Note: This method does not provide scancodes for all keys, it only identifies the unknown keys.

You can get the scancode of a key by pressing the desired key and looking the output of `dmesg` command. For example, if you get:

    Unknown key pressed (translated set 2, code 0xa0 on isa0060/serio0

then the scancode you need is `0xa0`.

### Keycodes

Warning: Note that the keycodes are different for Linux console and Xorg. Use the appropriate tool to determine the desired value.

#### In console

The keycodes for virtual console are reported by the showkey utility. showkey waits for a key to be pressed and if none is during 10 seconds it quits, which is the only way to exit the program. To execute showkey you need to be in a virtual console, not in a graphical environment. Run the following command

    # showkey --keycodes

and try to push keyboard keys, you should see keycodes being printed to the output.

#### In Xorg

The keycodes used by Xorg are reported by a utility called xev, which is provided by the xorg-xev package. Of course to execute xev, you need to be in a graphical environment, not in the console.

With the following command you can start xev and show only the relevant parts:

     $ xev | awk -F'[ )]+' '/^KeyPress/ { a[NR+2] } NR in a { printf "%-3s %s\n", $5, $8 }'

Here is an example output:

    38  a
    55  v
    54  c
    50  Shift_L
    133 Super_L
    135 Menu

If you press a key and nothing appears in the terminal, it means that either the key does not have a scancode, the scancode is not mapped to a keycode, or some other process is capturing the keypress. If you suspect that a process listening to X server is capturing the keypress, you can try running xev from a clean X session:

    $ xinit /usr/bin/xterm -- :1

## Mapping scancodes to keycodes

See the main article: Map scancodes to keycodes.

## Mapping keycodes to keysyms

### In console

See the main article: Extra keyboard keys in console.

### In Xorg

See the main article: xmodmap.

## Laptops

### Asus M series

In order to have control over the light sensor and the multimedia keys on your Asus machine, you should use the following command:

    # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/ls_switch

To have it run on boot create a Systemd tmpfile:

    /etc/tmpfiles.d/local.conf

    w /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/ls_switch - - - - 1

Note: This may work also for other Asus notebook models.

### Asus N56VJ (or possibly others)

If most of your special keys do not work, try loading the asus-nb-wmi kernel module with

    # modprobe asus-nb-wmi

then check xev again. If you combine this with the acpi_osi="!Windows 2012" boot option, you may get weird results in xev, so try not using it. If this did fix things, make sure to make the module load at boot with methods described here.

### Lenovo T460p (or possibly others)

Out of the box, the backlight keys (on F5, F6) might not be available, even via the /dev/input interface. To fix this, try adding the following option to your boot parameters:

    /etc/default/grub

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="... video.use_native_backlight=1 ..."

## Gaming Keyboards

Gaming keyboards have some special features which may cause them to "misbehave" in Linux.

### Cooler Master CM Storm QuickFire TK

This keyboard has two features that could cause confusion in Linux: N-Key Rollover and the Win-Lock Key.

N-Key Rollover can cause problems with the Function keys. To disable N-key rollover, hold down the FN lock key (next to right-ctrl) until it lights up, then hold Escape and press 6 to switch to 6-key rollover. Hold down the FN lock key to disable the Fn lock.

The Win-Lock Key completely disables the Super (Windows) keys. Simply press the FN lock key and F12 together to toggle Win-Lock on and off.

## See also

- Enabling Keyboard Multimedia Keys - guide on LinuxQuestions wiki
- Multimedia Keys on Gentoo Wiki Archives

Category:

- Keyboards