# netctl (Česky)

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Netctl je aplikací vyvíjenou v rámci Arch Linuxu, která má za cíl nahradit původní netcfg. Netctl představuje budoucnost (a současnot) ve správě síťového nastavení v Arch Linuxu .

## Instalace

Balíček netctl je dostupný v oficiálních repozitářích. Installing netctl will replace netcfgAUR.

Balíčky netctl a netcfgAUR jsou konfliktní (pouze jeden z nich může být nainstalován). You will be potentially connectionless after installing netctl if your profiles are misconfigured.

## Required reading

Před samotnou instalací si prosím prostudujte následjící manuálové stránky:

- netctl
- netctl.profile
- netctl.special

## Konfigurace

`netctl` may be used to introspect and control the state of the systemd services for the network profile manager. Example configuration files are provided for the user to assist them in configuring their network connection. These example profiles are located in `/etc/netctl/examples/`. The common configurations include:

- ethernet-dhcp
- ethernet-static
- wireless-wpa
- wireless-wpa-static

For wireless settings, use wifi-menu -o will generate the config file in /etc/netctl.

To use an example profile, simply copy one of them from `/etc/netctl/examples/` to `/etc/netctl/` and configure it to your needs:

    # cp /etc/netctl/examples/wireless-wpa /etc/netctl/

Once you have created your profile, make an attempt to establish a connection using the newly created profile by running:

    # netctl start profile

If issuing the above command results in a failure, then use `journalctl -xn` and `netctl status <profile>` in order to obtain a more in depth explanation of the failure. Make the needed corrections to the failed configuration and retest.

### Automatic operation

#### Just one profile

If you are using only one profile, once that profile is started successfully, it can be `enabled` using

    # netctl enable profile

This will create and enable a systemd service that will start when the computer boots.

Note: The connection to a dhcp-server is only established if the interface is connected and up at boot time (or when the service starts). In order to have an automatic connection established on cable connect, proceed to #Multiple profiles.

#### Multiple profiles

Whereas with `netcfg` there was `net-auto-wireless.service` and `net-auto-wired.service`, `netctl` uses `netctl-auto@interface.service` for wireless profiles, and `netctl-ifplugd@interface.service` for wired profiles. In order to make the `netctl-auto@interface.service` work for wireless interfaces, the package wpa_actiond is required to be installed. In order to make the `netctl-ifplugd@interface.service` work for wired interfaces, the package ifplugd is required to be installed. Configure `/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.conf` accordingly. Automatic selection of a WPA-enabled profile by netctl-auto is not possible with option `Security=wpa-config`, please use `Security=wpa-configsection` instead.

To set preferred wired profile for auto-connecting specify `AutoWired=yes` in that profile. By default on failure ifplugd will pass to other DHCP wired profiles, then to static ones. If you don't want it to do so, set `ForceConnect=yes`.

Once your profiles are set and verified to be working, simply enable these services with

    # systemctl enable netctl-auto@interface.service
    # systemctl enable netctl-ifplugd@interface.service

Note: If any of the profiles contain errors, such as an empty `Key=` variable, the unit will fail to load at boot.

If you have previously enabled a profile through `netctl`, run

    # netctl disable profile

to prevent the profile from starting twice at boot, and possibly causing issues with wpa_supplicant.

Note:

- If there is ever a need to alter a currently enabled profile, execute `netctl reenable <profile>` to apply the changes.
- interface is hardware minus, e.g netctl-auto@wlan0.service or netctl-auto@wlo1.service

### Migrating from netcfg

Warning: `netctl` conflicts with `netcfg` so disable existing `netcfg@profile` service before installing `netctl`.

`netctl` uses `/etc/netctl` to store its profiles, not `/etc/network.d` (`netcfg`'s profile storage location).

In order to migrate from netcfg, at least the following is needed:

- Move network profile files to the new directory.
- Rename variables therein according to netctl.profile(5) (Most variable names have only UpperCamelCase i.e CONNECTION= becomes Connection=).
- For static IP configuration make sure the Address= variables have a netmask after the IP (e.g. Address=('192.168.1.23/24' '192.168.1.87/24') in the example profile).
- If you setup a wireless profile according in the `wireless-wpa-configsection` example, note that this overrides `wpa_supplicant` options defined above the brackets. For a connection to a hidden wireless network, add `scan_ssid=1` to the options in the `wireless-wpa-configsection`; `Hidden=yes` does not work there.
- Unquote interface variables and other variables that don't strictly need quoting (this is mainly a style thing).
- Run `netctl enable profile` for every profile in the old NETWORKS array. 'last' doesn't work this way, see netctl.special(7).
- Use `netctl list`/`netctl start profile` instead of netcfg-menu. wifi-menu remains available.
- It may be a good idea to use `systemctl --type=service` to ensure that no other service is running that may want to configure the network. Multiple networking services will conflict.

### Passphrase obfuscation (256-bit PSK)

Users not wishing to have the passphrase to their wireless network stored in plain text have the option of storing the corresponding 256-bit pre-shared key (PSK) instead, which is calculated from the passphrase and the SSID using standard algorithms.

- Method 1: Use `wifi-menu -o` to generate a config file in `/etc/netctl`
- Method 2: Manual settings as follows. If the passphrase fails, try removing the \" in Key= (see note below)

For both methods it is suggested to `chmod 600 /etc/netctl/<config_file>` to prevent user access to the password.

Calculate your 256-bit PSK using wpa_passphrase:

    Usage: wpa_passphrase [ssid] [passphrase]

    $ wpa_passphrase archlinux freenode

In a second terminal window, copy the example file `wireless-wpa` from `/etc/netctl/examples` to `/etc/netctl`:

    # cp /etc/netctl/examples/wireless-wpa /etc/netctl/wireless-wpa

You will then need to edit `/etc/netctl/wireless-wpa` using your favorite text editor and add the pre-shared key, that was generated earlier using wpa_passphrase, to the `Key` variable of this profile.

Once completed your network profile `wireless-wpa` containing a 256-bit PSK should resemble:

    /etc/netctl/wireless-wpa

    Description='A simple WPA encrypted wireless connection using 256-bit PSK'
    Interface=wlp2s2
    Connection=wireless
    Security=wpa
    IP=dhcp
    ESSID=archlinux
    Key=\"64cf3ced850ecef39197bb7b7b301fc39437a6aa6c6a599d0534b16af578e04a

Note:

- Make sure to use the special non-quoted rules for `Key=` that are explained at the end of netctl.profile(5).
- The key that you put in the profile configuration is enough to connect to a WPA-PSK network, which means this procedure is only good to hide the human-readable passphrase but will not prevent anyone with read access to this file from connecting to the network. You should ask yourself if there is any use in this at all, since using the same passphrase for anything else is a very poor security measure.

## Support

Official announcement thread: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=157670

## Tips and tricks

### Replace 'netcfg current'

As of April 2013 there is no netctl alternative to `netcfg current`. If you relied on it for something, like a status bar for a tiling window manager, you can now use:

    # netctl list | awk '/*/ {print $2}'

or, when `netctl-auto` was used to connect:

    # wpa_cli -i interface status | sed -n 's/^id_str=//p'

### Eduroam

To connect ta a wireless network at university it is very likely you need a profile looking like this (tested in Freiburg, Germany):

    /etc/netctl/wlan0-eduroam

    Description='Eduroam-profile for <user>'
    Interface=wlan0
    Connection=wireless
    Security=wpa-configsection
    IP=dhcp
    WPAConfigSection=(
     'ssid="eduroam"'
     'proto=RSN'
     'key_mgmt=WPA-EAP'
     'pairwise=CCMP'
     'auth_alg=OPEN'
     'eap=PEAP'
     'identity="<user>"'
     'password="<password>"'
    )

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